HAND-BOOK  OF  ROLES- 


Billiards  ahd 


U 


« 


flstSo 


THE 


OF 

BILLIARD  &  FOOL  TABLES 

AND  SUPPLIES. 


MAIN  OFFICES  AND  FACTORIES: 


CHICAGO — Office  and  Salesrooms,  263  and  265  Wabash  Avenue,  South  Side. 

Factories — Corner  Market,  Huron,  Superior  and  Sedgwick  Sts.,  North  Side. 
NEW  YORK— Office  and  Salesrooms,  860  Broadway,  Cor.  17th  St.,  Union  Square. 
CINCINNATI— 130  and  132  East  Sixth  Street. 

ST.  LOUIS — 112  South  Fourth  Street. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAE _ 653  and  655  Market  Street. 


BRANCH  OFFICES 


Minneapolis,  Minn.— 24  and  26  Sixth  St., 
South. 

Detroit.  Mich. — 100  Randolph  Street. 
Milwaukee,  W  is. — 203  and  205  Grand  Ave. 
Omaha,  Neb.— 407  and  409  South  Tenth  St. 
Kansas  City,  Mo. — 1109  Grand  Avenue. 
Denver,  Colo. — 1443  Larimer  Street. 
Boston,  Mass.— 42  to  48  Hanover  Street 
New  Haven.  Conn. — 18  to  22  Church  St, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. — 1002  Arch  Street. 
Baltimore.  Md.-n  West  Fayette  Street. 

W  asliington,  I).  C. — 1310  Pennsylvania  Ave. 
Buffalo,  New  York— 39  Court  Street. 


AND  SALESROOMS: 

I  1 

Cleveland,  Ohio — 337  and  339  Superior  S',.'. 
Toledo,  Ohio — 515  St.  Clair  Street. 

Dallas,  Texas — 173  and  175  Main  Street.  | 
San  Antonio,  Texas. — 121  Soledad  Street. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.— 100  Smithfield  Street. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. — The  Benedict  Billiard  Tables 
Co.,  248  West  Railroad  Street. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.—  i38-i4oSouth  Illinois  Sti 
New  Orleans,  La. — 617  Poydras  Street. 
Portland,  Ore. — 105  Front  Street. 

Windsor,  Ont. — 52  Sandwich  Street,  West. 
Paris,  France— 24  Boulevard  desCapucints.  J 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK 


OF 

STANDARD  RULES 


OF  ALL  THE  PROMINENT  GAMES  OF 

Billiards  and  Pool 


AS  PRACTICED  BY  THE  GREAT  PROFESSIONALS  AND  OTHER 
LEADING  PLAYERS  IN  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE  WORLD 


A  Series  of  Valuable  Hints  to  the  Purchasers  of  Billiard^ 
Tables  and  to  those  who  keep  Tables  for 
Private  or  Public  Use 


THE  BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER  CO, 
1898. 


Copyrighted,  1898,  by 

THE  BRUNSWICK— BALK-COLEENDER  CO< 


The  Mercantile  Printing  and  Stationery  Co., 
21  East  Fourteenth  Street, 

New  York  City. 


7 


INTRODUCTORY. 


In  presenting  this  revised  edition  of  the  Handbook  of  the 
Rules  of  Billiards  the  publishers  have  been  duly  mindful  of 
the  many  changes  and  modifications  that  have  taken  place 
since  some  of  these  rules  were  originally  framed.  Their  aim 
has  been  to  contribute  to  the  history  and  literature  of  “the 
Gentleman’s  Game”  a  volume  that  shall  preserve  all  that  is 
vital  and  valuable  in  the  way  of  rules  and  directions,  while  at 
the  same  time  discarding  much  that  is  obsolete  and  confusing. 
Accordingly  it  will  be  found  that  the  book  is  in  the  best  sense 
^  “up  to  date.”  It  embodies,  among  other  things,  the  playing 
rules  of  the  Eighteen-inch  Balk  Line  Game  for  the  World’s 
Championship,  which  differs  radically  from  any  other  style 
of  game  heretofore  introduced,  and  which,  as  illustrated  by 
the  highest  grade  of  expert  skill,  has  gained  instant  public 
acceptance  as  one  of  the  most  fascinating  forms  in  which  the 
game  of  billiards  has  ever  been  presented.  It  will  be  noticed, 
moreover,  that  a  change  for  the  better  has  been  made  through¬ 
out  in  the  phraseology  and  construction  of  the  playing  rules 
of  the  games  most  in  vogue  both  of  billiards  and  pool,  with 
the  object  alike  of  dispensing  with  superfluous  words  and  of 
assisting  the  reader  to  a  clear  interpretation  of  the  meaning 
and  intention  of  the  laws  governingthe  different  games.  This 
improved  form  of  the  rules  has  been  approved  and  indorsed 
by  the  leading  experts  of  the  world,  and  therefore  bears  the 
stamp  of  the  highest  authority.  To  the  great  body  of  devotees 
of  the  grandest  of  indoor  sports,  as  well  as  to  those  who  may 
desire  disinterested  advice  and  suggestion  as  to  the  matters 
to  be  considered  in  the  purchase  of  billiard  tables  and  the 
fitting  up  and  conduct  of  billiard  rooms  both  public  and  pri¬ 
vate— in  short,  to  the  friends  and  patrons  of  billiards  every¬ 
where,  this  handy  volume  is  respectfully  dedicated. 

THE  BRUNSWICK-BALKE  COLLENDER  CO. 


Hew  York,  April,  1898. 


703842 


HISTORY. 


The  origin  of  “  The  Noble  Game  ”  has  forever  been  a 
mystery  and  a  contested  point,  and  its  invention  has  been  at¬ 
tributed  by  various  authorities  to  several  nationalities.  As 
an  antique  date  we  might  mention  that  Shakespeare,  born  in 
1564,  and  who  died  in  1616,  would  have  us  believe  that  when 
Antony  revelled  in  the  charms  and  the  luxurious  love  of  the 
Egyptian  Queen,  that  billiards  was  even  then  a  well  known 
pastime,  for  at  this  period,  30  b.c.,  he  makes  Cleopatra  sum¬ 
mon  Charmian  to  billiards.  In  O’Reilly’s  English  translation 
the  Abbe  McGeorghegan’s  “  History  of  Ireland  ”  is  given 
e  substance  of  the  will  of  Cathire  More,  a  sub-king  of  Ire- 
Imd,  who  -reigned  over  the  district  of  Leinster,  and  who  died 
aid.  148.  To  quote  from  that  will :  “To  Drimoth  I  be- 
qjueath  fifty  billiard-balls  of  brass,  with  the  pools  and  cues  of 
e  same  material.” 

The  late  Rev.  Archbishop  Hughes,  who  was  himself  a  patron 
xjnd  warm  advocate  of  the  refined  pastime,  attests  that  he  read 
in  the  Confessions  of  St.  Augustine,  born  a.d.  430,  an  allusion 
o  billiards.  In  France,  Germany,  England,  and  in  this  coun¬ 
try  (the  game  having  been  brought  here  by  the  Spaniards,  who  0  - 
settled  in  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  in  1565)  women  have  for  many7 
years  been  steadfast  patrons  of  the  fascinating  pastime. 

Our  Presidents,  from  George  Washington  to  the  present  time, 
have  practised  the  game  in  the  billiard-parlor  of  the  Executive 


pO^ 


6 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


Mansion,  likewise  have  many  of  the  Governors  of  our  several 
States. 

Henry  Ward  Beecher  and  other  great  divines  have  in  strong 
terms  of  praise  advocated  the  game.  It  may  be  stated  in 
this  connection  that  there  are  hundreds  of  educational  insti¬ 
tutions — insane  and  inebriate  asylums — and  very  many  refor¬ 
matories  throughout  the  world  where  the  billiard-table  is 
looked  upon  as  an  indispensable  adjunct. 

The  venerable  Dr.  McCosh,  of  Princeton  College  renown, 
is  a  warm  advocate  of  the  game,  likewise  are  many  other  of 
the  great  Professors  of  these  institutions,  and  it  is  but  a  few 
years  since  that  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College,  upon  reach¬ 
ing  New  York,  sent  four  new  billiard- tables  as  a  present  to 
the  students  of  this  noble  institution. 

Referring  to  the  billiard-table  as  a  means  of  healthful  exer¬ 
cise,  especially  for  scholars  and  other  persons  of  sedentary 
habits,  a  physician  attached  to  a  private  academy  in  one  of 
the  Western  States  wnites  :  “  I  carefully  observed  for  several 

months  the  powerfully  strengthening  effect  of  this  peculiar  ex¬ 
ercise,  and  was  much  surprised  to  note  the  benefits  to  those 
possessing  weak  and  defective  structures.  So  marvellous  have 
been  the  results  in  many  cases  where  diseases  have  become 
almost  chronic,  that  I  can  scarcely  comprehend  such  wonderfu7 
results  in  so  short  a  time.  This  exercise,  so  efficacious  in  driv¬ 
ing  disease  from  the  human  system,  has  been  thoroughly 
tested  and  has  proven  a  permanent  success,  and  has  the  ef¬ 
fect  of  materially  assisting  the  pupils,  the  work  of  cultivating 
the  mind  being  greatly  aided  by  the  healthful  operations  of 
tlm.  functions  of  the  body. 

“  Without  exercise,  the  plan  has  been  inactivity  of  body 
and  activity  of  mind  ;  under  this  system  it  is  equal  activity  of 
both,  the  healthful  influence  of  one,  induced  by  judicious 
muscular  exercise,  operating  to  assist  the  other. 


BILLIARDS  MD  POOL. 


7 


“  The  motions  gone  through  in  the  pastime  reach  every  part 
of  the  body,  and  operate  upon  every  portion  of  the  system. 
They  completely  dispel  languor  and  inactivity  from  the  frame. 
The  tension  of  the  muscles  is  tested,  and  the  blood  flowing  ‘ 
sluggishly  in  remote  and  undisturbed  portions,  is  urged  and 
quickened  in  its  circulation  by  the  relaxing  and  contracting 
muscles.  The  brain  stimulated  into  new  activity  by  the  lively, 
bounding  current  within,  and  unharnessed  by  disordered 
functions  of  the  physical  life,  comprehends  and  absorbs  with 
swiftness  whatever  is  presented  to  its  spiritual  appetite. 
Such  have  been  the  effects  of  free  billiard  exercises,  and  I  hope 
soon  to  see  them  become  general  in  use,  as  it  makes  the 
youth  feel  that  he  is  growing  up  into  a  new  life  of  physical  / 
strength  and  activity.” 

Many  of  our  great  statesmen  and  other  learned  men  and 
our  refined  women  have  ever  been  steadfast  supporters  of 
the  gentle  amusement. 

Billiards  is  a  mathematical  game  and  affords  scope  and  ex¬ 
ercise  for  those  faculties  which  discipline  and  strengthen  the 
mind.  A  steady  hand,  a  clear  head,  quick  perceptions,  and  a 
pleasant  exercise  of  the  calculating  powers  are  requisites  for 
an  accomplished  billiard-player,  and  the  practical  develop¬ 
ment  of  these  qualities  must  naturally  be  productive  of  good.  / 

The  kings  of  France  have  at  all  times  been  considered  most 
^powerful  friends  of  the  game.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  w7as  a 
^passionate  patroness  of  the  game,  and  on  the  evening  preced¬ 
ing  her  execution  wrote  to  the  Archbishop  of  Glasgow  that 
flier  “  billiard- table  had  just  been  taken  away  from  her,  as  a 
[preliminary  step  to  her  punishment.”  The  Empress  Joseph- 
'  ine  entertained  so  great  an  idea  c>f  the  fascinations  of  the 
game,  that  during Napoleon^moocty  moments  she  would  chal¬ 
lenge  him  to  a  bout  at  billiards,  and  he  never  appeared  more 
happy  than  when  engaged  in  the  game.  Emperors,  kings, 


8 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


princes,  and  titled  nobility  are  competitors  at  tlie  refined  pas¬ 
time,  and  the  women  as  well  participate  in  the  exhilarating 
amusement. 


BILLIARDS  IN  THE  FAMILY  CIRCLE. 

There  is  no  place  where  the  delightful  pastime  of  billiards 
affords  so  much  pleasure  and  satisfaction  as  under  the  happy 
influence  of  home.  To  such  an  extent  is  this  truth  apparent 
that  no  residence  of  any  pretension  whatever  is  considered 
complete  without  its  billiard-room  and  billiard-table.  Years 
ago  the  homes  of  only  the  very  wealthy  contained  those  re¬ 
quisites  to  health  and  enjoyment,  but  with  our  modern  prog¬ 
ress  and  the  demands  of  advancing  taste,  these  adjuncts  of 
pleasure  have  found  their  way  into  the  habitations  of  the 
comparatively  poor  and  humble.  Nor  is  this  to  be  wondered 
at,  because  while  the  construction  and  equipment  of  the  bil¬ 
liard-tables  have  undergone  great  revolutions  and  improve¬ 
ments,  the  cost  has  changed  in  the  inverse  ratio.  Twenty 
years  ago,  a  first-class  billiard-table  suitable  for  a  dwelling 
could  not  be  purchased  for  less  than  six  hundred  dollars,  and 
from  even  this  figure  the  price  advanced  with  the  degree  of 
elaborateness  with  which  it  was  gotten  up.  To-day  a  more 
modern  and  scientific  instrument  can  be  purchased  for  about 
lialf  that  amount,  and  its  cost  modified  or  increased  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  its  embellishments,  so  that  practically  speaking  the 
billiard- table  has  been  “  placed  within  the  reach  of  all.”' 
Long  evenings  are  especially  adapted  for  the  enjoyment  of 
this  desirable  home  pleasure,  and  we  see  it  grow  more  and 
more  popular  with  each  coming  season.  From  a  scientific 
stand-point,  there  is  no  game  superior  to  that  of  billiards  in 
the  development  of  skill,  precision,  calculation,  and  dexterity, 
while  from  a  hygienic  aspect  no  in-door  amusement  will  at  all 


AMERICAN 


CRAIG-Y-NOS  CASTLE 
WALES,  GREAT  BRITAIN. 


FURMISHEDWITH  ABILUARD  TABLE  MANUFACTURED  EXPRESS  LY  FOR  HER 
BY  THE  BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLEN  E3ER  CO. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


9 


compare  with  it.  We  have  the  best  medical  authorities  to 
indorse  our  views  on  this  latter  point.  Sir  Astley  Cooper, 
the  celebrated  English  physician,  has  said  : 

“  We  should  all  sleep  more  soundly  if  we  made  it  a  rule  to 
play  billiards  an  hour  or  two  each  evening  before  going  to 
bed,  and  there  is  nothing  that  so  endears  the  family  circle  as 
the  recollections  of  amusements  shared  in  common  in  games 
in  which  we  all  take  part.” 

Dr.  Marcy,  the  well-known  American  physician,  says : 

“  One  of  the  pleasantest  and  easiest  means  of  regaining  and 
retaining  health  is  to  introduce  into  private  houses  a  billiard- 
table ,  and  to  present  it  to  the  entire  family — men,  women,  and 
children — as  a  means  of  daily  exercise  and  recreation.  The 
most  indolent  and  stupid  will,  by  practice,  soon  acquire  a 
fondness  for  the  game  ;  and  the  improvement  in  the  sanitary 
condition  of  those  who  habitually  indulge  in  it  will  commend 
it  in  the  strongest  manner  to  the  heads  of  families.  We  also 
advocate  the  game  of  billiards  in  families  from  a  moral  as 
well  as  a  sanitary  point  of  view.  Young  America  is  naturally 
4  frisky,’  naturally  enthusiastic,  exuberant,  and  fond  of  ex¬ 
citement  and  fun.  Confine  him  in  the  house  without  diver¬ 
sion  or  excitement,  and  he  mopes,  sulks,  pines,  and  sooner  or 
later  breaks  wholesome  parental  restraints,  and  instinctively 
seeks  for  amusements,  excitements,  and  pleasures  elsewhere — 
at  the  club,  the  play-house,  the  restaurant,  and  too  often  the 
gambling-room.  These  natural  instincts  for  diversion  maybe 
directed  in  such  a  manner  by  parents  as  to  be  productive  of 
positive  physical,  moral,  and  intellectual  benefit,  by  investing 
home  with  a  few  of  the  attractions  which  beckon  them  else¬ 
where.  Give  them  comfortable  billiard-rooms  and  billiard- 
tables,  so  that  body  and  mind  can  be  amused  and  invigorated, 
and  the  attractions  and  pleasures  of  home  will  be  superior  ta 
those  beyond  its  boundaries.” 


10 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


SOUND  REASONING. 

In  the  consolidation  of  the  strongest  and  best  two  houses; 
in  the  billiard  business  in  the  world  for  the  manufacture  of 
billiard  and  pool  tables  the  public  is  guaranteed  the  following 
advantages : 

1.  The  benefits  of  all  the  valuable  patents  and  improve¬ 
ments  in  use. 

2.  The  saving  effected  in  prices  of  material,  which  we  buy^ 
in  such  quantities  as  to  secure  the  best  slate,  lumber,  ivory, 
cloth,  etc.,  at  lowest  prices. 

3.  The  advantages  afforded  by  the  use  of  the  finest  machin¬ 
ery  in  our  several  very  extensive  factories,  a  saving  in  cost,, 
and  the  best  possible  results  in  finishing. 

4.  The  choicest  array  of  artistic  designs. 

5.  Our  incomparable  quick  cushions,  combining  all  the 
requisite  qualities  of  speed,  accuracy,  and  durability. 

6.  Prompt,  courteous,  and  careful  attention.  Our  supply 
is  always  full,  and  there  need  be  no  delay  in  shipping. 

We  make  a  specialty  of  fine  billiard  and  pool  tables  for 
residences,  and  will  furnish  designs,  diagrams,  and  all  neces¬ 
sary  information,  gratis,  on  application  to  any  of  our  offices. 

The  Brunswick- Balke  Collender  Co. 


HOW  TO  BUY  A  BILLIARD  TABLE. 

There  are  details  in  the  construction  of  a  billiard-table 
which  can  only  be  observed  by  the  closest  scrutiny  and  the 
most  careful  investigation.  Every  intending  purchaser  of  a 
table  should  intelligently  convince  himself  on  the  following 
essential  points  : 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


It 


1.  Gauge  the  speed  of  the  cushion,  and  make  sure  that  it 
fulfils  modern  requirements  as  regards  speed,  accuracy,  etc.  ; 
also  see  that  the  cushion  is  made  of  pure  rubber,  and  not  of 
a  material  cheapened  by  adulteration,  and  therefore  less 
durable. 

2.  Examine  the  cloth  at  the  time  of  purchasing,  and  see 
that  you  get  genuine  Simonis.  If  you  are  not  a  judge  of 
cloth,  all  the  more  reason  why  you  should  buy  only  of  reliable 
and  trustworthy  parties. 

3.  Do  not  be  satisfied  with  hard  ivory  balls  when  you  have 
to  pay  for  soft  Zanzibar  ivory. 

4.  In  buying  pool  balls  do  not  allow  other  material  to  be 
substituted  for  the  Hyatt  balls. 

5.  Demand  a  guarantee  that  the  lumber  of  which  the  table 
is  constructed  is  thoroughly  seasoned. 

6.  In  the  matter  of  good  varnishing  and  a  durable  finish 
you  must  rely  upon  the  responsibility  and  experience  of  the 
manufacturer — that  he  uses  the  best  varnish,  and  that  it  has 
proper  time  to  dry,  so  that  the  finish  will  stand  all  the  ex¬ 
tremes  of  dryness  and  dampness,  heat  and  cold.  Therefore 
you  should  examine  the  stock  of  tables  on  hand  in  the  factory, 
in  order  to  ascertain  whether  it  is  such  as  to  warrant  the  be¬ 
lief  that  the  tables  are  not  rushed  through. 

7.  For  thorough  workmanship  you  can  only  trust  to  the 
complete  machinery  in  the  factory,  and  to  the  experience  of 
the  manufacturer  and  the  help  employed. 

8.  When  all  these  points  have  been  carefully  noted,  the 
purchaser  is  in  a  position  to  judge  for  himself  whether  he  is 
getting  the  best  goods  to  be  had  for  the  money. 


12 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


OUTFITS. 

CARROM-TABLE. 

The  outfit  of  a  carrom  billiard-table  consists  of  cloth  ;  one 
set  (4)  of  ivory  billiard-balls  ;  one  cue-rack  ;  one  dozen  cues ; 
one  set  of  markers  ;  bridge,  mace,  brush,  chalk,  tips,  and  a 
handbook  of  rules  of  the  different  games. 

POOL-TABLE. 

The  outfit  of  a  pocket  or  pool  table  consists  of  cloth  ;  one 
set  (16)  of  Hyatt  composition  pool-balls  (size  to  be  mentioned 
in  contract)  ;  a  pool  ball-rack  ;  triangle  ;  bottle  and  small 
balls  ;  one  dozen  cues  ;  one  cue-rack  ;  bridge,  mace,  brush, 
chalk,  tips,  and  a  handbook  of  the  rules  of  the  different 
games. 

COMBINATION  TABLE. 

The  outfit  of  a  combination  table  consists  of  cloth  ;  one 
set  (4)  of  ivory  billiard-balls  ;  one  cue-rack  ;  one  dozen  cues  ; 
one  set  of  markers  ;  bridge,  mace,  brush,  chalk,  tips,  and  a 
handbook  of  rules  of  the  different  games  ;  one  set  carrom- 
plugs  ;  one  set  Hyatt  composition  pool-balls  ;  one  ball-rack  ; 
one  bottle  ;  one  triangle  ;  one  set  (16)  small  balls  ;  one  pin* 
pool  board  and  one  set  of  pool-pins. 

HOW  TO  SET  UP  A  TABLE. 

All  parts  of  the  billiard-table  should  be  properly  numbered, 
showing  which  parts  come  together. 

First  place  the  legs  in  the  proper  position  on  the  floor,  and 
screw  the  sides  and  ends  into  them,  as  marked. 

See  that  the  tenons  of  the  rails  are  well  down  in  the  mor¬ 
tise  ;  if  not,  knock  them  firmly  in,  taking  care  to  put  a  piece 
of  wood  on  top  of  the  rail  to  keep  it  from  being  bruised  with 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


13 


the  hammer.  Next  put  in  the  stretcher-rails  as  marked.  The 
frame  must  then  be  levelled  by  putting  pieces  of  wood  of  the 
requisite  thickness  under  the  legs,  until  a  spirit-level  and  a 
straight-edge,  the  whole  length  as  well  as  across  the  table, 
will  show  a  perfect  level.  Find  the  highest  part  and  level  the 
rest  up  to  that . 

Now  put  on  the  slabs  of  slate,  putting  the  slab  marked 
“  Head  ”  on  the  corresponding  part  of  the  frame. 

The  slabs  must  then  be  screwed  down  all  round  the  edges 
first,  and  levelled  again  with  a  spirit-level  and  straight  edge. 
When  this  is  done,  the  screws  in  the  middle  are  to  be  in¬ 
serted,  and  screwed  perfectly  tight.  After  all  the  screws  are 
in,  and  the  bed  satisfactory,  fill  up  the  screw  holes  and  joints 
with  plaster  of  Paris,  mixed  to  the  consistency  of  thick  cream, 
and  put  on  quickly,  taking  care  to  scrape  the  filling  stuff  per¬ 
fectly  even  with  the  bed.  When  thoroughly  dry,  the  whole 
must  be  made  smooth  with  sand-paper. 

Next  put  on  the  cloth,  with  grain  running  from  the  head 
of  the  table,  and  draw  it  as  tight  as  possible,  taking  care  that 
there  are  no  wrinkles  or  creases.  In  putting  on  the  cloth, 
tack  it  for  a  few  inches  at  one  corner,  then  pull  the  cloth 
tightly  to  the  corner  at  the  other  end  of  the  table,  same  side,, 
putting  a  few  tacks  in  to  hold  it  while  the  whole  of  that  side 
is  being  tacked  ;  put  the  tacks  about  two  and  a  half  inches 
apart.  When  one  side  is  done,  do  the  same  on  the  opposite 
side,  pulling  the  cloth  evenly,  and  as  tight  as  possible  with¬ 
out  tearing  it ;  next  tack  the  end  and  head  of  the  table  in  the 
same  manner. 

No  cloth  should  be  placed  between  the  green  cloth  and  the 
bed  of  the  table. 

i  Chalk-cups  should  be  screwed  on  the  rails  before  they  are 
I  put  on  the  table. 

I  Then  put  on  the  cushion-rails  as  numbered  ;  the  numbers 


14 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


to  match  will  be  found  under  the  projecting  edges  of  the 
bed. 

Before  screwing  the  cushion-rails  tight,  put  in  the  pockets, 
■and  screw  the  pocket-irons  in  their  places.  Then  screw  up 
the  rails  as  tight  as  possible,  and  tack  the  pockets  and  leathers 
in  order.  In  a  carrom-table  the  four  corner  cushion-bolts 
should  be  the  first  put  in,  and  screwed  up  so  as  to  bring  the 
cushion-rails  properly  together.  After  this  is  done  put  in  the 
other  cushion-bolts.  In  placing  the  spots,  a  line  is  drawn  down 
the  centre  of  the  table  from  the  sight  nails  in  the  head  and 
lower  cushions  ;  two  lines  are  then  to  be  drawn  from  the 
centre-sights  in  the  side  cushions,  and  where  these  lines  inter¬ 
sect,  place  the  spots — the  pool  spot  is  placed  about  five  inches 
from  the  lower  cushion  on  the  central  line.  Spots  are  made 
from  court-plaster.  Wet  and  hammer  them  on  lightly  to 
make  them  stick. 


THE  ROOM. 

An  apartment  to  accommodate  one  table  should  be  of  the 
dimensions  following,  graduated  by  the  size  of  the  table,  and 
affording  space  for  the  free  exercise  of  the  cue.  Where  two 
or  more  tables  are  placed,  four  feet  will  be  sufficient  to  allow 
between  them. 

For  tables  5  x  10,  the  room  should  be  15  x  20. 

“  41  x  9,  “  “  14lxl8J. 

“  4x8,  “  “  14  x  171. 

“  31  x  7,  “  “  12  x  15. 

Architects,  in  their  plans  for  modern  mansions,  should 
make  suitable  provision  for  this  amusement,  without  which 
no  gentleman’s  establishment  (more  especially  if  a  couutry 
vone)  can  now  be  considered  perfect.  Even  if  the  builder  of 


1 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


15 


a  house  has  no  taste  for  the  game  himself,  he  should  look  be¬ 
forehand,  and  consider  that  such  an  accommodation  might 
form  an  important  item  in  the  price  which  a  succeeding  ten¬ 
ant  would  be  willing  to  pay  for  it.  The  light,  if  possible, 
should  come  from  above,  through  ample  skylights,  so  as  to 
bring  the  table  within  a  general  focus,  and  thus  prevent  any 
shadow  being  thrown  from  the  balls  or  cushions.  The  gas¬ 
light  should  be  raised  about  three  feet  two  inches  from  the 
bed  of  the  table,  and  supplied  with  horizontal  burners,  as  by 
such  an  arrangement  no  shadow  is  cast  from  the  pipe.  The 
distance  of  the  light  from  the  floor  should  be  about  6  feet 
1  inch.  For  a  5  x  10  table  the  cross-arms  of  the  pendant 
should  measure  from  light  to  light  28  inches,  and  the  long 
arms  56  inches.  For  a  4|  x  9  table,  cross-arms  25  inches, 
and  long  arms  50  inches.  For  a  4  x  8  table,  cross-arms  22 
inches,  and  long  arms  44  inches.  A  useful  shade  has  been 
devised  which  throws  a  soft,  even  light  on  the  table,  and 
keeps  the  glare  from  the  players’  eyes.  The  floor,  if  carpeted 
at  all,  should  be  covered  with  some  thick,  or  soft  material. 


THE  TABLE  AND  ITS  ACCOMPANIMENTS. 

The  standard  size  of  the  billiard-table  used  by  the  experts 
of  this  country  for  all  match  games  is  five  feet  in  width  by  ten 
feet  long ;  but  for  private  houses  and  public  rooms  the 
smaller  table,  four  and  one-half  by  nine  feet,  has  become 
more  popular,  and  the  four  feet  by  eight  table  is  frequently 
used.  The  general  appearance  of  a  billiard-table  is  so  well 
known  to  every  one  that  a  description  would  be  out  of  place. 
.'The  frame  is  generally  made  of  mahogony,  rosewood,  walnut, 
maple,  oak,  or  ash,  and,  upon  special  occasions,  other  woods 
are  employed.  The  bed  is  generally  of  slate  and  made  in 


16 


A  COMPLETE  IIAND-BOOK  OF 


three  or  four  slabs,  each  one  inch  in  thickness  ;  over  this  bed 
is  stretched  fine  green  Simon  is  broadcloth  ;  the  table  being 
made  perfectly  level,  this  gives  a  smooth,  even  surface  for  the 
balls  to  roll  upon.  Around  this  bed  and  rising  about  two  inches 
above  it,  are  rails  bearing  the  cushions,  the  top  surface  thirty- 
four  inches  from  the  floor.  The  edge  of  the  cushion  where 
the  ball  comes  in  contact  with  it  is  one  inch  and  seven-six¬ 
teenths  above  the  slate,  and  is  or  should  be  slightly  pitched, 
to  permit  the  cue  to  strike  the  ball  at  the  proper  point.  This 
height  is  adapted  to  the  regulation  size  billiard-ball ;  for  balls 
of  smaller  size  the  elevation  of  the  cushions  should  be  changed 
so  that  they  come  but  one-fourth  of  an  inch  above  the  centre 
of  the  ball.  The  game  of  billiards  is  played  in  this  country 
almost  exclusively  upon  the  carrom- table,  which  has  the  rails 
continuous  about  the  sides  and  ends,  while  tables  with  six 
pockets — one  at  each  corner  and  one  at  the  centre  of  each  side 
and  with  four  pockets,  one  at  each  corner  of  the  table  are  used 
for  fifteen-ball  pool.  The  cushion,  upon  which  depends  so 
much  for  the  success  of  the  stroke,  should  be  made  as  nearly 
perfect  as  possible,  combining  qualities  that  will  assure  dura¬ 
bility  and  accuracy ;  it  should  possess  that  nice  degree  of 
elasticity  the  exactness  of  which  requires  long  experience  to 
learn,  that  will  insure  a  proper  angle  when  the  ball  rebounds  ; 
it  must  be  unaffected  alike  by  damp  weather  or  dry,  and  not 
susceptible  to  the  changes  of  temperature.  Upon  rainy  and 
foggy  days  the  cloth  absorbs  the  moisture,  offering  greater 
resistance  to  the  ball,  making  it  necessary  to  use  much  more 
force  of  stroke  than  in  clear  weather  to  carry  the  ball  the 
same  distance. 

THE  CUES, 

when  not  in  use,  should  be  kept  in  the  cue-rack,  at  a  distance* 
from  the  fire  or  stove,  and  care  should  be  taken  to  havef 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


17 


them  placed  in  a  perfectly  perpendicular  position,  by  which 
means  they  will  be  prevented  from  warping  or  getting 
crooked.  They  should  be  well  sand-papered,  occasionally, 
with  fine  sand-paper.  A  billiard-room  should  never  be  with¬ 
out  sand-paper ;  the  leather  particularly  requires  to  be  fre¬ 
quently  sand-papered  to  keep  it  from  projecting  over  the 
cue.  This  projection  of  the  leather,  which  is  caused  by  the 
expansion  resulting  from  the  contact  with  the  ball,  is  the 
cause  of  that  great  annoyance  to  the  billiard-room  keeper — 
a  torn  cloth.  The  projecting  leather  being  frequently  the 
hard  under  part,  if,  by  the  slightest  miscue,  it  comes  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  cloth,  it  either  takes  off  a  portion  of  the  nap 
from  the  cloth,  and  makes  a  small  cut,  or  causes  that  trian¬ 
gular  rent  so  frequently  seen  in  the  billiard-cloth.  The 
player  is  frequently  blamed  for  thus  injuring  the  cloth,  but 
the  really  guilty  party  is  the  owner  of  the  cues,  who  neglects 
to  keep  them  in  good  order.  The  leather  should  be  even 
with  the  cue  and  slightly  rounded  on  the  top. 

SELECTION  OF  A  CUE. 

Select  a  cue  in  harmony  with  the  physical  powers,  and  be¬ 
come  accustomed  as  much  as  possible  to  play  with  cues  of 
similar  weight.  From  fifteen  to  nineteen  ounces  are  fair 
weights,  according  to  the  balls  now  used  in  play.  A  cue,  if 
too  heavy,  will  paralyze  the  nerves  of  the  arm  and  render 
them  unable  to  estimate  correctly  the  amount  of  force  em¬ 
ployed  ;  if  too  light,  on  the  other  hand,  it  will  call  for  an 
amount  of  force  so  great  as  to  be  incompatible  with  a  steady 
and  deliberate  aim.  Without  some  sensation  communicated 
to  the  hand  through  the  cue,  when  it  contacts  with  the  ball, 
it  would  be  impossible  for  experts  to  accomplish  the  great 
runs  so  often  made. 

The  heavier  the  cue  the  less  is  the  influence  of  the  stroke  on 
2 


18 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


the  ball  felt,  and  it  is  carried  beyond  or  falls  short  of  the 
point  desired.  The  delicate  touch  for  nursing  should  be  as 
apparent  as  the  stronger  stroke. 

Finally,  let  the  cue  be  straight,  for  any  crookedness  in  this 
instrument  distracts  the  eye,  and  may  seriously  interfere 
with  the  manual  correctness. 

THE  BEST  CUE-LEATHERS. 

Only  the  very  best  cue-tips  should  be  used,  and  no  time 
should  be  wasted  with  the  cheaper  grades.  The  labor  spent 
and  the  time  lost  through  the  use  of  inferior  tips  makes  them 
more  expensive  in  the  end  than  the  higher  priced  article, 
and  the  latter  will  long  outlast  the  cheaper  grades. 

HOW  TO  PUT  LEATHER  ON  A  CUE. 

Select  a  tip  from  a  box  of  good  leathers  which  is  a  shade 
larger  than  the  point  of  the  cue  ;  next,  place  it  on  some  solid 
flat  surface,  and  give  it  a  sharp  blow  with  a  hammer.  This 
gives  solidity  to  the  leather,  and  in  a  great  measure  prevents 
the  expansion  of  the  leather  after  it  is  on  the  cue.  After  it 
has  been  hammered,  rub  the  under  or  flat  part  with  a  file  or 
on  a  piece  of  sand-paper,  to  roughen  the  leather,  that  it  may 
the  more  readily  and  the  more  fixedly  adhere  when  the  adhe¬ 
sive  matter  is  applied  ;  now  take  the  cue,  and  with  a  file  or 
fine  rasp  make  the  point  even  and  true,  taking  off  the  old 
glue  or  particles  of  leather,  if  any  are  attached.  A  little  good 
glue  applied  hot  will  be  sufficient  to  make  the  leather  adhere, 
but  cue-wax  of  a  good  description  will  be  found  more  con¬ 
venient.  The  proper  way  to  use  cue-wax  is  to  take  a  cup  of 
hot  water  and  dip  the  cue-wax  in  it  until  sufficiently  dissolved 
to  put  on  the  point  of  the  cue  and  on  the  leather.  By  rub¬ 
bing  and  pressing  them  together  for  a  few  minutes  a  good 
degree  of  adhesion  will  be  produced,  then  attach  the  cue- 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


19 


clamp,  or  if  without  this  useful  instrument,  set  the  cue  up 
perpendicularly  on  its  end,  with  the  leathered  end  resting  on 
the  floor,  that  the  adhesive  matter  may  receive  the  weight  of 
the  cue.  When  the  wax  has  hardened  thoroughly,  the  cue 
and  leather  can  be  sand-papered  until  they  are  made  even. 
In  cases  where  the  leather  is  wider  than  the  point  of  the  cue, 
the  latter  can  be  reversed,  the  end  bearing  the  leather  placed 
on  a  piece  of  wood,  the  leather  trimmed  with  a  sharp  knife 
nearly  even  with  the  wood,  and  then  finished  with  sand-paper 
in  the  usual  way. 

The  cue-clamp  is  of  very  valuable  assistance  to  proper  cue¬ 
leathering,  and  no  billiard-room  should  be  without  it. 

For  convenience,  serviceableness,  economy,  and  readiness 
of  application  we  manufacture  Self-adhesive  Cue-leathers, 
which  have  met  with  great  favor.  They  are  manufactured  of 
the  very  best  materials,  can  be  attached  to  the  cue  with  in¬ 
credible  dispatch,  and  will  adhere  with  the  utmost  tenacity, 
and  are  equally  desirable  for  public  or  private  billiard  estab¬ 
lishments. 

CHALK. 

Only  the  very  best  imported  chalk  should  be  used  on  cue- 
leathers.  There  has  been  in  the  market  for  the  past  few 
years  many  inferior  grades  of  so-called  French  and  German 
chalk. 

Competition  seems  to  have  forced  the  very  worst  grades  of 
this  article  upon  the  market,  and  customers  should  be  ex¬ 
ceedingly  particular  to  purchase  this  article  from  a  recognized 
first-class  house,  for  then  only  are  they  insured  against  impo¬ 
sition  as  regards  its  quality. 

THE  CUSHIONS. 

To  execute  the  refined  and  artistic  game  of  billiards  suc¬ 
cessfully  it  is  imperatively  requisite  that  a  perfect  billiard- 


20 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


cushion  should  be  used.  A  perfect  cushion  is  one  which  per¬ 
mits  the  ball  to  return  from  its  resilient  side  with  an  ac¬ 
curacy  which  shall  exemplify  the  axiom  that  the  angle  of 
incidence  and  reflection  are  equal.  The  principle  on  which 
billiard-cushions  are  constructed  to-day  admits  of  great  speed 
with  correctness  of  angles,  and  these  requisites  the  great 
experts  of  the  world  say  are  only  to  be  found  in  the  celebrated 
“Monarch  Cushions.”  To  verify  this  strong  assertion  it  is 
only  necessary  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  these  ex¬ 
perts  invariably  select  the  Monarch  Cushions  for  all  their 
great  trials  of  skill,  those  which  have  occurred  for  years,  both 
in  this  country,  in  France,  in  Belgium,  and  in  other  cities  in 
Europe.  These  cushions  have  received  the  award  of  first 
medals  of  honor  in  all  the  great  expositions  which  have  been 
held  from  time  to  time  in  this  and  other  countries,  lithograph 
specimens  of  which  may  be  found  at  the  end  of  this  publica¬ 
tion.  As  a  casual  introduction  into  the  history  of  the  origin 
and  perfection  of  the  billiard-cushion  should  be  of  interest  to 
the  patrons  of  the  game,  we  will  give  a  short  sketch  of  billiard- 
cushions  from  the  original  article,  the  “rag  bag ”  and  the 
bag  of  curled  hair,  to  the  perfected  “Monarch”  of  to-day. 

Previous  to  1850  the  cushions  in  general  use  were  made  of 
rags  or  layers  of  list  or  cloth  which  presented  a  rounded  sur¬ 
face  for  the  ball  to  strike  against  and  then  rebound  with  a 
jump.  In  England  raw  gum  cushions  had  been  introduced 
as  long  ago  as  1835  and  later  they  found  their  way  into  this 
country,  but  they  met  with  so  little  favor  that  they  were  soon 
abandoned.  A  so-called  inventor  of  the  raw  gum  cushion  also 
patented  in  this  country  an  air-pipe  cushion  of  thin  vulcanized 
rubber  wdiich  had  to  be  filled  or  pumped  full  of  air,  similar  to 
the  old-fashioned  rubber  life  preservers,  but  because  of  the 
great  height  of  these  cushions,  the  ball  being  well  hid  when  it 
touched  or  lay  under  the  cushion,  they  also  became  unpopular. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


21 


Various  attempts  were  made  with  rubber  and  cloth  by  several  in¬ 
dividuals  to  invent  an  acceptable  billiard-cushion,  but  all  these 
attempts  invariably  met  with  failure.  The  first  solid  rubber 
cushion  was  produced  in  1850,  in  the  shape  of  a  strip  of  vul¬ 
canized  rubber  which  was  nailed  to  the  cusliion-rail,  it  being 
believed  at  that  time  that  rubber  could  not  be  glued  to  wood 
so  as  to  remain  fixed.  These  rubber  strips  were  bevelled 
with  a  knife  and  then  rasped  down  to  a  true  face.  An  im¬ 
provement  was  made  upon  this  method  of  cutting  the  rubber 
through  bevelling  a  piece  of  wood  and  securing  it  to  the  rub¬ 
ber  strip,  then  by  holding  the  knife  against  the  bevel  the 
knife  would  cut  through  the  rubber  ;  then  by  another  cut  of 
the  same  rubber  through,  using  the  same  wooden  bevel,  a 
diamond-shaped  strip  would  be  produced  with  face  and  back 
bevelled  alike,  and  this  was  the  origin  of  the  diamond-shaped 
rubber  cushion  of  to-day. 

In  1855  Michael  Phelan  returned  from  a  residence  of  about 
a  year  in  California  and  brought  with  him  ideas  for  the  con¬ 
struction  of  a  combination  cushion  of  rubber,  leather,  and 
cork,  the  cork  being  first  used  on  the  face  of  the  rubber  to 
prevent  the  ball  from  sinking  into  the  rubber,  thus  forming 
a  shoulder  to  resist  the  ball,  which  caused  an  acute  angle  in 
the  rebound  of  the  ball.  It  was  found  that  the  cork,  when 
used  with  the  rubber  alone,  would  crumble  through  the  con¬ 
stant  pounding  of  the  balls  against  the  cushions,  and  then  a 
piece  of  leather  was  laid  over  the  cork  to  hold  this  cork  sub¬ 
stance  in  position,  and  the  great  Phelan  and  Seereiter  match 
of  1859  was  played  upon  a  table  fitted  with  these  cushions. 
Steel-faced,  whalebone-faced,  corded-edged,  and  canvas¬ 
faced  cushions  were  also  invented  about  this  time  by  various 
manufacturers,  but  they  in  turn  also  became  unpopular 
and  were  abandoned.  Finally  hard  rubber  was  introduced 
to  the  face  of  the  elastic  vulcanized  rubber  cushions,  and 


A  COMPLETE  IIAIN’D-BOOK  OF 


these,  with  various  improvements,  were  in  use  for  some  years 
until  they,  having  served  their  usefulness,  have  been  laid  aside 
for  the  now  celebrated  “Monarch  Cushions,”  and  these  latter 
cushions,  having  superseded  all  others,  are  now  in  general 
use  all  over  the  world. 

The  principle  of  construction  of  the  perfect  “Monarch 
Cushion  ”  admits  of  great  speed  with  correctness  of  angle.  The 
face  of  the  cushion  is  comparatively  solid,  which  prevents  the 
ball  from  imbedding  itself  into  the  rubber,  the  elasticity  being 
at  the  back,  yet  both  face  and  back  are  in  fact  one  substance. 

Its  durability  and  accuracy  are  not  affected  by  climate  or 
weather,  hence  it  may  be,  and  is,  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world 
where  the  game  of  billiards  is  known.  The  chief  billiard  ex¬ 
perts  and  professors  of  both  hemispheres  and  the  premier 
amateur  players  of  the  world  have  pronounced  the  “Monarch 
Cushions  ”  to  be  the  best  and  most  accurate  cushions  in  use, 
and  in  this  endorsement  alone  there  is  strong  evidence  of 
their  great  merit.  The  Monarch  Cushions  are  the  sole  prop¬ 
erty  of  the  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Co. 


IMPORTANT  TO  ROOM-KEEPERS. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  room-keepers  are  not  generally 
aware  of  the  peculiar  sensitiveness  of  ivory,  rendering  it  sus¬ 
ceptible  to  material  damage  from  atmospheric  influences, 
coupled  with  the  fact  that  oftentimes  they  cannot  account  for 
the  condition  of  the  cloth  on  their  tables,  the  Brunswick- 
Balke-Collender  Co.  deem  it  wise  to  give  their  patrons  the 
benefit  of  their  long  experience  through  an  article  of  general 
information  as  to  the  care  of  ivory  balls,  billiard  tables,  etc., 
with  a  view  to  assisting  materially  in  a  better  preservation  of 
tables  in  a  first-class  condition  than  has  hitherto  been  the  case 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


23 


in  most  of  the  private,  public,  and  club  billiard-rooms  through¬ 
out  the  country.  It  is  therefore  important  that  every  room- 
keeper,  and  all  others  who  are  interested  in  the  care  of  one 
or  more  billiard-tables,  should  carefully  peruse  the  following 
article  that  they  may  commit  to  memory  its  valuable  sugges¬ 
tions  and  be  governed  accordingly. 


HINTS  ON  THE  CARE  OF  BILLIARD-TABLES,  ETC. 

THE  CLOTH. 

Lovers  of  billiards  who  have  had  any  considerable  experi¬ 
ence  on  the  “  field  of  the  cloth  of  green*’  know  that,  even  with 
cues  and  balls  of  the  best,  a  good  cloth  is  something  most  es¬ 
pecially  to  be  desired  when  playing  billiards  for  the  sake  of 
billiards,  and  not  merely  to  pass  away  time. 

The  cloth  which  has  been  tested  during  a  period  of  forty 
years  and  not  found  wanting  ;  whose  uniformity  of  texture 
and  finish,  permanency  of  color,  firmness  and  durability  are 
unequalled  and  not  to  be  approached — the  cloth  par  excellence , 
whose  every  quality  warrants  its  justly  deserved  reputation 
—is  that  manufactured  by  Iwan  Simonis,  of  Yerviers,  Bel¬ 
gium  ;  and  this  statement  cannot  be  refuted. 

Would-be  rivals,  however,  of  Iwan  Simonis,  on  the  continent 
of  Europe  and  in  England,  are  imitating  his  celebrated  billiard- 
cloth  as  closely  as  lies  in  their  power  to  do,  succeeding  no  bet¬ 
ter  than  the  majority  of  imitators — failing  at  all  essential  points. 

These  productions  are  imported  by  dealers  in  this  coun¬ 
try  with  intent  to  deceive  buyers  ;  and  they  too  often  suc¬ 
ceed  in  imposing  upon  their  patrons,  who,  paying  for  the  best 
cloth  made,  learn  too  late  that  they  have  been  furnished  with 
an  inferior  article,  under  the  guise  of  “  Best  French  Cloth/* 
“Our  Own  French  Importation,”  etc. 


24 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


To  meet  the  demand  for  something  less  costly  than  his  ex* 
tra  superfine  cloth,  but  still  a  satisfactory  article,  Iwan  Simonis 
manufactures  a  No.  2,  No.  3,  and  No.  4  cloth,  the  No.  2  of 
which  will  compare  favorably  with  the  best  production  of  any 
other  maker,  and  lacks  only  that  degree  of  exquisite  finish 
which  distinguishes  the  extra  superfine  or  No.  1  cloth.  The 
No.  3  and  4  lacks  this  finish,  and,  in  a  slight  degree  only, 
the  weight  of  the  other  two  cloths,  but  are  superior  to  any 
other  fabric  of  that  kind  offered  at  the  same  price. 

In  order  to  protect  himself  and  patrons  against  renewed 
future  attempts  by  would-be  rivals,  whose  productions  have 
heretofore  been  too  successfully  palmed  upon  confiding  pur¬ 
chasers  by  unconscionable  dealers,  Iwan  Simonis  has  recently 
adopted  a  device  which  he  hopes  will  prove  a  safeguard  in  the 
future  against  the  substitution  of  all  fraudulent  wares  as  his 
own  ;  and  this  device  will  explain. 

On  the  reverse  side  of  the  cloth,  immediately  contiguous  to 
the  selvedge  on  either  side,  the  name  of  Iwan  Simonis,  togeth¬ 
er  with  the  figure  designating  the  quality  of  the  cloth,  will 
appear  in  every  alternate  section  of  two  feet,  the  correspond¬ 
ing  section  at  the  opposite  selvedge  showing  a  blank,  as  shown 
in  the  following  diagram  : 


Selvedge. 

Selvedge. 

Iwan  Simonis  No.  3. 

Iwan  Simonis  No.  2. 

Iwan  Simonis. 

Selvedge. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  every  two  feet  of  the  fabric — no 
less  is  ever  cut — will  carry  the  imprint  of  the  manufacturer ; 
rendering  further  deception  dangerous,  as  manufacturers  and 
dealers  will  hardly  venture  upon  stamping  their  goods  with 
the  name  of  Iwan  Simonis  ! 

The  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Co.  deal  solely  and  exclu- 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


25 


sively  in  Iwan  Simonis’  billiard  cloths,  handling  no  other ; 
and  offer  it  to  their  patrons,  knowing  that  it  is  incomparable 
in  every  particular. 

With  facilities  for  the  production  of  goods  in  their  line  far 
surpassing  those  of  any  other  house,  combined  with  an  expe¬ 
rience  of  over  thirty-five  years  in  the  business,  they  feel  con¬ 
fident  that  they  can  offer  the  most  reliable  goods  afforded  in 
this  or  any  other  market. 

In  ordering  cloth  send  exact  measurement  of  the  table  from 
where  the  cloth  joins  the  wood  on  top  of  the  cushions.  This 
is  essential,  as  there  are  many  different  sizes,  and  the  size  of 
the  bed  of  a  table  does  not  correspond  with  its  nominal  meas¬ 
urement. 

State  whether  you  wrant  the  cloth  for  bed  or  for  cushions  of 
table,  or  both . 

Never  permit  the  use  of  a  cue  with  the  point  splintered  so 
as  to  cause  the  wood  to  project  beyond  the  leather.  Cues  im¬ 
perfectly  tipped  or  split  at  the  end  are  apt  to  cut  very  small 
pieces  of  the  nap  out  of  the  cloth,  making  it  appear  as  if  cut 
with  a  knife-point  or,  as  some  charge,  the  cloth  is  full  of 
moth-eaten  holes,  when,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  moths  never  eat 
green  billiard-clotli.  Many  room-keepers  complain  to  us  con¬ 
cerning  the  cloth  furnished  them,  believing  that  the  cloth 
was  defective  when  put  on  the  table,  whereas  the  defect  is  in¬ 
variably  due  to  the  improper  condition  of  the  cues,  to  pre¬ 
vent  which  these  suggestions  are  offered. 

NEEDLES. 

Even  with  the  very  best  of  care,  cloth  will  frequently  be¬ 
come  torn  or  small  cuts  made  in  it.  To  meet  such  contin¬ 
gencies  we  carry  in  stock  bent  needles  which  with  the  green 
sewing  silk  which  we  also  carry  in  stock,  enables  anyone  to 
easily  repair  the  cloth  without  removing  it  from  the  table. 


26 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


BALLS. 

Owing  to  the  extreme  sensitiveness  of  ivory  balls  to  atmos¬ 
pheric  influences,  they  should  never  be  purchased  during 
the  fall  or  winter  seasons,  if  it  can  be  avoided.  If  purchased, 
however,  extreme  care  should  be  used  in  putting  the  balls  in 
use.  They  should  not  be  used  immediately  upon  receipt.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  fall  and  winter  seasons,  and  particularly  in  extremely 
cold  weather,  the  balls  should  be  kept  in  the  room  in  which 
they  are  to  be  used  for  at  least  one  week,  in  order  that  they 
may  become  adapted  to  the  temperature  of  the  room.  If  at 
once  put  in  use  they  will  almost  invariably  crack  or  split. 
It  must,  however,  be  distinctly  borne  in  mind,  that  although 
keeping  the  balls  in  the  room  for  at  least  one  week  before 
using  will  greatly  lessen  the  risk  attending  their  use,  it  will 
by  no  means  insure  them  against  cracking  and  breaking.  We 
import  only  the  finest,  soft,  Zanzibar  elephant  tusk  ivory, 
which  is  thoroughly  seasoned  in  our  shops  before  being  sent 
out,  but  in  cold  weather  ivory  will  split  and  break  if  used 
immediately  after  being  received,  no  matter  how  thoroughly 
seasoned  it  may  be.  We  study  the  interests  of  our  customers 
when  we  advise  them  to  purchase  their  stock  of  ivory  balls 
during  the  summer  season,  as  the  risk  attending  their  ship¬ 
ment  and  subsequent  use  is  then  greatly  lessened.  In  cases 
where  our  customers  insist  upon  the  shipment  of  balls  in  the 
dead  of  winter,  they  must  assume  all  the  responsibility  and 
risk  of  damage  incident  to  shipment  and  the  subsequent  use  of 
the  balls.  Every  set  of  balls  is  turned  from  the  very  best  mate¬ 
rial  and  leaves  our  hands  in  perfect  condition,  but  on  account 
of  the  peculiar  sensitiveness  of  ivory,  as  above  described,  we 
cannot  under  any  circumstances  guarantee  the  balls  against 
breaking  or  splitting  at  any  season  of  the  year.  From  the  fore¬ 
going  it  will  be  perceived  that  the  greatest  care  must  be  ex- 


BILLIAPDS  AND  POOL. 


2? 


ercised,  particularly  in  cold  weather,  when  no  draughts  of  cold 
air  should  be  permitted  to  come  in  contact  with  the  balls. 
Removal  of  ivory  balls  from  one  room  to  another  of  a  different 
temperature  should  be  carefully  avoided  ;  also  sudden  change 
of  temperature,  whether  from  warm  to  cold,  or  vice  versa,  as 
they  will  invariably  injure,  and  frequently  crack  the  balls. 

Many  people  imagine  that  the  use  of  oil  on  balls  is  a 
practice  to  be  cultivated,  but  the  contrary  is  probably  true, 
for,  although  it  may  not  be  possible  to  prove  that  the  use  of 
oil  injures  the  balls,  it  is  an  absolute  fact  that,  except  in  few 
instances,  it  in  no  wise  benefits  them.  All  that  the  balls  re¬ 
quire  is  to  be  wiped  off  with  a  damp  cloth  after  each  game,  and 
subsequently  polished  with  a  piece  of  soft  woollen  cloth  or 
fine  chamois  skin. 

KEEP  THE  CUSHION-BOLTS  TIGHT. 

We  frequently  hear  complaints  about  cushions  being  “  dead,” 
and  not  as  good  as  they  were,  etc.  Upon  examination  we  find 
that  the  cushions  are  quite  as  active  as  when  first  used,  the  fault 
being  with  the  party  in  charge  of  the  table.  Neglecting  to 
keep  the  cushion-bolts  screwed  up  tight,  and  allowing  both 
bed  and  cushion  cloth  to  become  foul  with  dirt  and  dust,  tends 
to  kill  the  action  and  elasticity  of  the  cushions.  The  cush¬ 
ion-screws  should  be  tightened  up  at  least  once  a  month.  The 
greatest  care  should  be  taken  to  keep  the  billiard-cloth  cov¬ 
ered  and  brushed  as  often  as  possible.  Then,  again,  when 
the  balls  are  not  true  they  will  not  run  as  smoothly  as  an 
accurately  turned  ball.  Balls  should  never  be  used  after 
they  become  untrue  or  out  of  round,  but  should  be  prompt¬ 
ly  sent  to  the  factory  for  re-turning  and  re-coloring.  After 
being  turned  several  times  billiard-balls  become  too  small 
for  the  height  of  the  cushions,  and  should  be  replaced  by 
new  ones  of  standard  size  (2f  inches).  The  edge  of  the 


28 


A  COMPLETE  IIAND-BOOK  OB" 


rubber  cushions  should  always  come  in  contact  with  the  balls 
just  above  their  centre ;  if  it  vary  from  this  the  proper  angle 
in  playing  billiards  will  of  course  be  altered  and  the  balls  will 
consequently  not  rebound  from  the  cushions  correctly. 

STOCK  LIST. 


Altering  Carom  -  Tables  to 
Pool. 

Balls  turned  and  colored. 
Ball-Backs. 

Billiard  and  Pool  Balls. 
Billiard-Room  Chairs. 
Billiard-Table  Legs. 
Billiard-Table  Covers. 
Brushes. 

Bridges. 

Bridge-Hooks. 

Billiard-Markers. 

Chalk. 

Chalk-Cups. 

Chalk-Holders. 

Carrom-Plugs. 

Carpet  Mats. 

Cloth. 

Composition  Pool-Balls. 

Cues. 

Cue-Tips. 

Cue  Tip-Trimmers. 

Cue  Cement. 

Cue-Wafers. 

Cue-Cutters. 

Cue-Clamps. 

Cushions’ 

Cushion-Rails. 

Cutting  down  Tables. 
Covering  Pocket  Irons. 
Coloring  for  Ivory  Balls. 
Coloring  and  Turning  Balls. 


Fringe  for  Pockets. 

Fancy  Cues. 

Hyatt  Composition  Pool-Balls. 
Lamps. 

Leather  Pockets. 

Leather  for  Pockets. 

Maces. 

Miscellaneous  Billiard  and 
Pool  Supplies. 

Parisian  Pool-Boards. 
Pin-Pool  Outfit. 

Pool-Bottles. 

Pool-Pins. 

Pool-Baskets. 

Pool-Checks. 

Patent  Chalk-Holders. 
Pocket-Irons. 

Pocket-Nets. 

Polishing  Oil. 

Re-varnisbing  Tables. 

Small  Pool-Balls. 

Slate  Beds. 

Specialties. 

Table  Alterations. 

Table  Fittings. 

Time  and  Price  Registers. 
Tip-Trimmers. 

Triangles. 

Turning  and  Coloring  Balls. 
Zanzibar  Ivory  Billiard  and 
Pool  Balls. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


29 


We  will  at  all  times  cheerfully  furnish,  on  application  to  any 
of  our  offices  by  mail  or  otherwise,  full  information  regarding 
our  stock  list,  etc.,  and  we  will  mail  or  send  our  catalogue 
and  price  list,  or  anything  else  which  may  be  desired  by 
customers  for  their  information. 

The  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Co® 


REVISED  BOOK  OF  RULES. 


FOUL  STROKES  DEFINED. 

Certain  general  rules  defining  foul  strokes  govern  all  games 
of  billiards.  It  is  a  foul,  and  no  count  can  be  made : 

1.  If  a  stroke  is  made  except  with  the  point  of  the  cue. 

2.  If  the  cue  is  not  withdrawn  from  the  cue  ball  before  the 
latter  comes  in  contact  with  an  object  ball.  (This  relates  to 
what  is  known  as  the  “push  shot.”) 

Playing  from  Inside  the  String. 

3.  If,  when  in  hand,  the  striker  plays  at  a  ball  that  is  inside 
or  on  the  string  line;  or  if,  when  in  hand,  he  plays  from  any 
position  not  within  the  six  inch  radius.  No  claim  of  foul,  in 
either  of  these  cases,  can  be  made  after  the  stroke.  If  the 
non-striker  fails  to  warn  the  striker  beforehand,  the  referee 
shall  assume  that  the  stroke  was  fair ;  and  if  the  striker, 
having  been  warned,  refuses  to  alter  his  play,  unless  he  has 
meanwhile  obtained  from  the  referee  a  decision  as  to  whether 
the  ball  was  in  or  out,  the  referee  shall  assume  that  a  foul  was 
contemplated  and  perpetrated.  A  ball  is  outside  the  string 
when  the  point  of  contact  with  the  table  is  outside  the  string 
line. 

One  Foot  on  the  Floor. 

4.  If,  in  the  act  of  striking,  the  striker  has  not  at  least  one 
foot  touching  the  floor. 

5.  If  the  striker  touches  a  ball  while  in  motion  ;  except  in 
case  of  a  ball  which  has  come  to  a  rest  but  which,  without  the 
fault  of  the  striker,  moves  before  he  can  check  his  stroke.  In 
this  case,  the  ball  so  moving,  and  all  other  balls  affected  by 
the  stroke,  shall  be  replaced,  and  the  player  shall  repeat  his 
shot. 

Playing  with  the  Wrong  Ball. 

6.  If  the  striker  plays  with  the  wrong  ball;  except  that 
should  the  foul  be  not  claimed  until  he  has  made  a  second 
stroke,  both  strokes  are  valid,  and  he  may  continue  with  the 
wrong  ball,  or  have  the  positions  of  the  two  whites  reversed, 


HAND-BOOK  OF  BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


31 


as  he  may  choose.  The  incoming  striker  in  case  the  balls 
have  not  been  reversed,  shall  have  the  same  option,  but  until 
the  balls  are  changed  he  must  play  with  his  opponent’s  ball ; 
should  he  play  with  his  own  ball,  without  changing  its  po¬ 
sition,  it  is^foul.  A  player  who  has  just  used  the  wrong  ball 
without  detection  is  debarred  from  claiming  foul  if  his  oppo¬ 
nent  should  in  his  turn  play  with  the  other  white  ball.  Should 
both  white  balls  be  forced  off  the  table,  and  the  wrong  ball  is 
used  in  the  next  stroke,  it  is  fair.  A  clean  miss  while  using 
the  wrong  ball  involves  the  same  penalty  as  when  the  right 
ball  is  used. 

Touching  Either  a  Cue  Ball  or  an  Object  Ball. 

7.  If  the  player  touch  the  cue  ball  more  than  once,  or  hinder 
or  accelerate  it  in  any  other  way  than  by  a  legitimate  stroke 
of  the  cue;  if  he  touch,  hinder  or  accelerate  an  object  ball 
except  by  the  one  stroke  of  the  cue  ball  to  which  he  is  entitled. 
In  case  of  a  counting  stroke,  the  foul,  as  above  described, 
nullifies  the  count;  and  the  incoming  striker  has  the  option  to 
play  on  the  balls  as  he  finds  them,  or  to  have  them  replaced 
in  position  by  the  referee.  The  cue  ball  touched  before  all  the 
balls  are  at  rest,  after  a  carrom,  nullifies  that  stroke  ;  touched 
prematurely,  or  except  with  the  point  of  the  cue,  after  all  the 
balls  are  at  rest,  affects  the  next  stroke,  and  no  count  can  be 
made. 

Playing  for  Safety  Debarred. 

8.  Touching  any  ball  in  any  way  is  a  stroke,  and  a  second 
touch  is  foul.  In  such  case  there  shall  be  no  playing  for  safety. 
Should  a  player  touch  a  ball  before  he  is  ready  to  strike,  and 
afterward  touch  his  own  or  any  other  ball,  his  opponent  has 
the  option  of  playing  on  the  balls  as  he  finds  them,  or  of 
having  them  replaced. 

Balls  Illegally  Disturbed. 

9.  If  any  ball  be  disturbed,  hastened  or  hindered  by  anyone 
but  himself  or  his  representative,  whether  the  balls  are  at  rest 
while  he  is  aiming  or  striking,  in  motion  after  he  has  struck, 
or  at  rest  after  he  has  struck,  and  pending  his  again  taking 


32 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


aim,  the  striker  shall  have  the  option  to  play  on  the  balls  as 
he  finds  them,  or  to  have  them  replaced.  Should  the  disturbed 
ball  be  one  on  which  he  would  seemingly  have  effected  a  count 
but  for  the  interference,  he  shall  have  the  option  of  repeating 
the  stroke  on  balls  replaced,  or  of  being  credited  withacarrom 
and  allowed  to  play  either  as  he  finds  the  balls  or  in  the 
position  they  would  have  occupied,  according  to  the  judgment 
of  the  referee,  had  they  not  been  disturbed. 

As  to  ‘  ‘Frozen  ”  Balls. 

10.  It  is  foul  if  the  striker  plays  directly  upon  any  ball  with 
which  his  own  is  in  fixed  contact.  In  case  of  such  contact  the 
striker  shall  have  the  option  of  playing  directly  upon  the  ball 
with  which  his  own  is  not  in  contact;  or  he  may,  by  a  masse 
stroke,  play  away  from  the  balls,  and  on  the  return  of  the  cue 
ball  effect  a  valid  count,  provided  that  in  so  doing  the  cue  ball 
first  hits  the  ball  with  which  it  was  not  previously  in  contact ; 
or  he  may  play  to  a  cushion,  and  on  the  return  of  the  cue  ball 
may  first  hit  either  of  the  object  balls  ;  or  he  may  have  the 
balls  spotted  and  play  from  the  string,  as  in  the  opening  stroke 
of  the  game. 

In  the  various  cushion  carrom  games  the  option  is  to  play  to 
a  cushion  or  spot  the  balls. 

Things  Forbidden. 

11.  It  is  foul  to  place  marks  of  any  kind  upon  cloth  or 
cushions  as  a  guide  to  play ;  to  practice  the  string  shot  for  lead, 
as  the  balls,  up  to  the  moment  of  banking,  shall  not  be  hit  by 
either  player,  and  after  banking  shall  not  again  be  hit  until 
the  opening  stroke  is  made.  It  is  foul  if  the  striker,  in  making 
a  shot,  is  assisted  in  any  way  by  any  other  person,  except  that 
the  marker  or  referee  may,  at  his  request,  hand  him  the  bridge 
or  the  long  cue,  or  move  or  hold  aside  the  gas  fixture. 

12.  It  is  a  foul,  and  the  striker  cannot  count  on  the  ensuing 
shot,  if  a  ball  in  play  is  lifted  from  the  table,  except  in  those 
cases  in  which  it  is  provided  that,  because  of  foul  or  irregular 
strokes,  the  balls  shall  be  transposed  or  replaced.  In  case  a 
fly,  or  bit  of  chalk,  or  any  other  substance  is  attached  to  a  ball. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


33 


it  may  be  removed,  on  request,  by  the  referee  or  marker;  but 
if  it  is  at  the  base  of  the  ball,  or  on  the  cloth  where  it  cannot 
be  seen,  the  referee  must  assume  that  it  is  not  there,  and  the 
striker  must  play  on  and  uncover  the  obstruction  so  that  it 
may  be  gotten  at  without  lifting  the  ball. 

Limit  to  Deliberate  Safety  Play. 

13.  Persistent  playing  for  safety  is  not  permitted.  It  is 
optional  with  the  non-striker,  should  his  opponent  make  a 
miss  in  each  one  of  three  successive  innings,  to  accept  the 
third  miss,  or  to  reject  it  and  require  his  opponent  to  hit  at 
least  one  object  ball ;  and  for  this  purpose  the  cue  ball  shall 
be  replaced  by  the  referee.  Should  two  balls  be  hit  by  this 
stroke  there  shall  be  no  count. 

14.  Should  a  foul  not  be  claimed  until  after  the  striker  has 
made  a  second  stroke,  both  strokes  are  valid  ;  neither  can  a 
claim  of  “no  count’’  be  enforced  after  a  second  stroke  has 
been  made. 


THEEE-BALL  CABBOM  GAME. 

Kule  1.  The  Three-Ball  Carrom  Game  is  played  with  two 
white  balls  and  one  red  ball. 

Stringing  for  Lead. 

2.  The  lead  and  choice  of  balls  are  determined  by  stringing 
or  banking;  and  the  player  whose  ball  stops  nearest  the 
cushion  at  the  head  of  the  table  has  the  choice  of  the  two 
white  balls,  and  has  the  option  of  leading  or  requiring  his 
opponent  to  lead. 

Should  the  two  white  balls  come  in  contact  when  stringing 
for  lead,  the  player  whose  ball  is  clearly  out  of  its  true  course, 
or  whose  ball  strikes  the  red  ball  when  on  its  proper  spot, 
forfeits  the  lead.  When  the  contact  of  the  balls  is  equally  the 
fault  of  both  players,  or  when  the  balls  come  to  rest  at  an 
equal  distance  from  the  head  cushion,  the  players  shall 
string  again. 


34 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


In  the  opening  shot,  or  whenever  the  balls  are  spotted  after 
a  “freeze,”  the  striker  is  in  hand. 


The  Opening  Shot. 

3.  The  red  ball  is  placed  on  the  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table, 
and  the  white  ball  of  the  player  not  in  hand,  as  already  de¬ 
termined  by  the  bank,  is  placed  on  the  spot  at  the  head  of 
the  table. 

The  player  leading  must  place  his  ball  inside  the  string  and 
within  six  inches  to  the  right  or  left  of  the  other  w^hite  ball ; 
and  must  strike  the  red  ball  first  in  order  to  effect  a  count. 
On  any  other  then  the  opening  shot,  and  excepting  when  the 
balls  are  for  any  reason  spotted,  the  striker  may  play  upon 
either  ball. 

4.  A  carrom  counts  one,  and  consists  in  hitting  both  object 
balls  with  the  cue  ball.  Failure  to  hit  either  of  the  object 
balls  constitutes  a  miss,  and  counts  one  for  the  opposing 
player.  In  a  ‘ 'discount’ ’  game  a  point  so  forfeited  shall  not 
be  deducted  from  the  score  of  the  player  giving  odds. 


Balls  Jumped  Off  the  Table. 

5.  When  a  player’s  ball  jumps  from  the  table  after  count¬ 
ing,  the  stroke  counts,  the  ball  is  placed  on  its  proper  spot, 
and  the  striker  plays  from  the  spot  upon  either  object  ball. 
The  cue  ball,  when  forced  off  the  table  by  either  a  counting, 
or  non-counting,  stroke,  is  to  be  placed  on  the  string  spot  if 
vacant ;  if  the  string  spot  is  occupied  the  ball  is  placed  on  the 
red  spot,  and  if  both  the  other  spots  are  occupied  the  ball  is 
placed  on  the  centre  spot. 

The  non-striker’s  ball,  when  forced  off,  belongs  on  the  string 
spot,  or,  if  this  is  occupied,  on  the  red  ball  spot,  or,  if  both 
these  spots  are  occupied,  on  the  centre  spot.  When  forced 
off  the  table,  the  red  ball,  if  its  owTn  spot  be  occupied,  goes 
first  to  the  white  spot,  or,  if  that  spot  be  occupied,  to  the 
centre  spot. 

Should  both  white  balls  be  forced  off  by  a  non-counting 
stroke,  the  ball  of  the  incoming  striker  shall  go  on  the  wThite 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


35 


spot,  and  the  other  white  ball  on  the  red  spot,  or,  if  that  is 
occupied,  on  the  centre  spot;  and  the  incoming  striker  may- 
play  upon  any  ball.  In  such  case,  should  a  player  pick  up 
and  play  with  the  wrong  ball,  the  stroke  is  valid  and  he  counts 
whatever  is  made  ;  but  at  the  conclusion  of  the  run  the  white 
balls  should  be  reversed  in  position. 


Strokes  on  Which  No  Count  Can  Be  Made. 

6.  If  in  the  act  of  playing  the  player  disturbs  any  ball  other 
than  his  own,  he  cannot  make  a  counting  stroke,  and  cannot 
play  for  safety.  Should  he  disturb  a  ball  after  having  played 
a  counting  stroke,  the  count  is  void,  his  hand  is  out  and  the 
ball  so  disturbed  is  replaced.  Should  he  touch  his  own  ball 
previous  to  playing  it  is  foul,  his  opponent  scores  one  as  for  a 
miss,  and  the  player  cannot  play  for  safety. 

7.  If  the  balls  are  disturbed  by  any  agency  other  than  the 
player  himself,  they  must  be  replaced  and  the  player  allowed 
to  proceed. 

8.  If,  after  having  touched  his  ball,  the  striker  commits  a 
foul  by  giving  a  second  touch,  the  balls  remain  where  they  stop, 
or  are  replaced  in  their  previous  positions  as  nearly  possible, 
at  the  option  of  his  opponent. 

9.  When  the  cue  ball  is  in  contact  with  another  (“frozen”  is 
the  common  term)  the  player  may  exercise  either  of  the 
options  specified  in  rule  10,  Foul  Strokes  Defined. 

10.  When  the  cue  ball  is  very  near  another,  the  player  shall 
warn  his  opponent  that  they  do  not  touch,  and  give  him  time 
to  satisfy  himself  on  that  point. 


The  “Crotch”  Barred. 

11.  The  object  balls  shall  be  considered  crotched  whenever 
the  centres  of  both  lie  within  a  inch  square  at  either  corner 
of  the  table,  and  when  so  crotched,  but  three  counts  are 
allowed  unless  one  or  both  object  balls  be  forced  out  of  the 
crotch.  In  case  of  failure  the  player’s  hand  is  out  and  his 
opponent  plays  with  the  balls  as  he  finds  them. 


36 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


Duties  of  the  Beferee. 

12.  The  referee  has  no  voice  except  when  appealed  to  by 
the  players,  who  are  the  only  persons  authorized  to  appeal 
to  him. 

13.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  referee  to  see  that  the  points  made 
by  each  contestant  are  properly  scored.  In  order  that  this  duty 
may  be  performed  play  must  be  suspended  until  points  due 
have  been  marked  up. 

14.  It  is  essential  that  the  referee  be  at  all  times  in  a  position 
to  see  and  decide  all  disputed  points,  and  for  this  purpose  he 
should  be  close  to  the  balls  when  every  shot  is  played. 


FOUBTEEN  INCH  BALK-LINE  GAME. 

The  balk  lines  are  drawn,  on  a  5x10  table,  from  each  of  the 
first  diamond  sights  on  the  end  and  side  rails  to  the  corres¬ 
ponding  diamond  sight  on  the  opposite  end  or  side  rail.  In 
the  following  diagram,  the  bed  of  the  table  shows  the  balk¬ 
lines  drawn  at  both  8  and  14  inches  from  the  cushions.  In  the 
18-inch  balk-line  game  the  lines  are  drawn  18  inches  from  the 
cushions. 


In  other  repects  the  table  is  the  same  as  that  used  in  the 
three-ball  game,  with  spots  at  either  end  for  the  red  and  white 
balls,  and  a  centre  spot  for  use  when  the  other  spots  are 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


37 


occupied.  The  eight  spaces  defined  by  lines  at  the  sides  and 
ends  of  the  table  are  the  balk  spaces.  The  large  central  space 
is  not  a  balk,  and  there  is  no  restriction  as  to  the  number  of 
carroms  that  may  be  made  therein. 

In  general,  the  rules  of  the  Three-Ball  Carrom  game  govern 
the  Fourteen  inch  Balk-line  game.  The  special  rules  govern¬ 
ing  the  latter  are  as  follows  : 


Special  Balk-Line  Rules. 

1.  The  object  balls  are  in  balk  whenever  both  have  stopped 
within  any  one  of  the  balk  spaces.  In  such  case  the  marker 
shall  call  “in,”  and  when  one  or  both  object  balls  shall  be 
driven  out  of  a  balk  space,  the  marker  shall  call  “out.” 

2.  A  ball  on  the  line  is  a  ball  in  balk.  A  ball  is  on  the  line 
only  when  its  centre  or  point  of  contact  with  the  table  touches 
this  line. 

3.  When  two  object  balls  are  on  the  same  line,  the  striker 
shall  have  the  option  to  determine  in  which  balk  they  are  to 
be  called,  and  must  then  govern  his  play  accordingly. 


Playino  In  and  Out  of  Balk. 

4.  But  two  shots  are  allowed  when  two  object  balls  are 
within  the  same  balk  space  ;  and  unless  on  the  second  shot  at 
least  one  of  the  object  balls  is  driven  out  of  balk,  this  shot  is 
void,  the  player’s  hand  is  out,  and  the  incoming  striker  plays 
upon  the  balls  as  he  finds  them.  If,  on  the  second  shot,  the 
ball  driven  out  returns  to  the  same  balk  space,  the  rule  applies 
as  though  it  were  in  balk  for  the  first  time,  and  the  player 
may  continue  in  this  way,  sending  a  ball  out  and  back,  with¬ 
out  further  restriction  under  this  rule. 

Option  as  to  “Frozen”  balls. 

5.  When  the  cue  ball  is  in  contact  with  an  object  ball 
(“frozen”)  the  striker  may  exercise  either  of  the  options  spec¬ 
ified  in  rule  10,  Foul  Strokes  Defined. 


38 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


Bills  “In  Anchor.” 

6.  The  object  balls  shall  be  considered  as  “In  anchor  ' 
when  the  centres  of  both  balls  lie  within  a  space  3)^  inches  in 
width  and  7  in.  in  length,  defined  on  one  side  by  the  cushion 
and  on  the  other  three  sides  by  lines  marked  with  chalk,  and 
of  which  space  the  balk  line,  wherever  it  intersects  a  cushion, 
shall  be  the  centre  from  left  to  right.  When  the  balls  are  so 
“anchored”  the  striker  may  have  two  consecutive  shots,  but 
should  he  fail,  on  the  second  shot,  to  force  one  or  more  of  the 
object  balls  outside  the  “anchor”  space,  the  second  shot  is 
void,  and  the  incoming  striker  plays  on  the  balls  as  he  finds 
them.  A  ball  driven  out  of  and  returning  inside  an  “anchor” 
space  is  considered  the  same  as  “in”  for  the  first  time. 


WORLD’S  CHAMPIONSHIP  EMBLEM  OF  THE  18-INCH 
BALK-LINE  GAME  OF  BILLIARDS. 

Rules  Governing  Contests. 

Challenges  and  Contests  for  the  Emblem  of  the  World’s 
Championship  of  the  Eighteen-inch  Balk- Line  game  of  billiards 
are  governed  by  the  rules  of  the  Fourteen-inch  Balk-Line 
Championship,  with  the  following  exceptions : 

Games  involving  the  Championship  shall  consist  of  600 
points.  The  city  in  which  contests  shall  take  place  must  be 
located  in  the  country  of  which  either  party  is  a  resident.  In 
case  of  a  disagreement  between  the  parties  as  to  the  selection 
of  a  hall  or  room  in  which  the  contest  shall  take  place  tho 
donor  of  the  Emblem  shall  have  the  final  decision. 


PLAYING  RULES. 

The  playing  rules  of  the  Fourteen-inch  Balk- Line  game 
govern  the  Eighteen-inch  Balk-Line  game,  with  the  following 
exceptions : 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


39 


1.  The  lines  are  placed  18  inches  from  the  cushions. 

2.  But  one  shot  is  allowed  in  balk  and  one  shot  in  “anchor/' 
Failure  to  drive  at  least  one  of  the  object  balls  out  of  balk  or 
“anchor"  invalidates  the  stroke,  no  count  can  be  scored,  the 
striker's  hand  is  out,  and  the  incoming  striker  plays  on  the 
balls  as  he  finds  them. 


40 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


THE  SPACE  GAME. 


This  game  was  introduced  through  a  tournament  played  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  Jan.  29  to  Feb.  15,  1884.  The  special 
feature  of  this  game  consists  in  the  introduction  of  right 
parallel,  and  oblique  lines,  forming  spaces  upon  the  table  bed, 
which  moderates  rail  nursing,  destroys  the  nursing  of  balls  in 
the  corners  and  at  one  end  of  the  table,  and  calls  for  a  series 
of  strokes  that  display  all  the  great  beauty  of  the  game  of 
billiards,  and  which  bring  the  game  fairly  between  the 
cushion-carroms  and  unlimited  nurse  play.  The  above  dia¬ 
gram  is  that  of  the  bed-surface  of  a  billiard  table,  ruled  or 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


41 


lined  off  in  spaces.  In  laying  out  the  table  for  the  playing  of 
the  new  game,  draw  upon  the  cloth  four  right  lines,  eleven 
inches  directly  out  on  the  table  bed,  from  the  top  front  surface 
of  the  side  cushion,  and  from  a  point  on  the  cushion  twenty- 
one  inches  from  the  corners  of  a  5x10  table,  or  a  distance  from 
the  corners  that  is  half  way  between  the  first  and  second 
sights ;  this  last  method  of  measuring  will  more  easily 
permit  the  laying  out  of  the  game  upon  tables  of  al* 
sizes.  Then  draw  two  other  right  lines  from  the  face  of  the 
cushion  at  the  centre  diamond  sights,  on  the  end  rails,  eleven 
inches  directly  out  on  the  bed,  and  in  a  line  with  the  spots. 
From  and  to  the  points  of  the  right  lines,  at  the  side  cushion, 
draw  a  straight  line,  parallel  to  the  cushion,  which  line  will 
run  eleven  inches  from  and  along  the  surface  of  the  side 
cushion.  Then  from  the  point  where  these  lines  intersect 
draw  an  oblique  line  to  the  point  of  the  right  lines  projecting 
from  the  centre  of  the  end  cushion.  Thus  we  have  four  re¬ 
stricted  spaces  in  the  corners,  within  anyone  of  which  but 
three  counting  strokes  can  be  made  without,  at  least,  sending 
one  of  the  object-balls  out  of  the  space.  To  modify  rail  play 
along  the  near  surface  of  the  side  cushion  is  the  purpose  of 
the  parallel  line,  within  which  line  but  two  counting  strokes 
can  be  made.  In  the  large  centre  space  of  the  table  earroms 
may  be  made  ad  libitum. 

The  rules  of  the  Balk-Line  Game  govern  the  New  Space 
Game,  except  where  they  conflict  with  those  rules  which 
govern  the  corner  spaces. 


THE  PROGRESSIVE  CARROM  GAME. 

The  Progressive  Game  of  Billiards  differs  only  from  the 
ordinary  Three-ball  Carrom  Game  in  the  manner  in  which  the 
game  is  scored.  The  striker  scores  one  for  each  cushion  he 
causes  the  cue-ball  to  hit  in  effecting  a  valid  carrom;  thus  one 
cushion  hit  by  the  cue-ball,  should  the  striker  make  a  carrom, 


42 


A  COMPLETE  HAND  BOOK  OF 


would  count  but  one  ;  two  cushions  hit  by  the  cue-ball  counts 
two  ;  five  cushions  hit  counts  five,  etc.  Ordinary  carroms 
from  ball  to  ball  count  one.  The  rules  of  the  regular  Three- 
ball  Game  of  Billiards  govern  this  game  also,  except  when 
they  conflict  with  the  foregoing  rules. 


FOUR  BALL  CABROM  GAME. 

The  Four- ball  Carrom  Game  is  played  upon  a  carrom  table 
with  two  red  and  two  white  balls.  A  carrom  counts  1,  whether 
effected  upon  a  red  and  white  ball  or  upon  two  red  balls. 

The  deep-red  ball  is  spotted  on  the  red  ball  spot  at  the  foot 
of  the  table  ;  the  light  red  ball  is  spotted  on  the  white  ball  or 
string  spot ;  and  the  two  white  balls  are  in  hand. 

The  player  winning  the  opening  bank  may  either  lead  or 
require  his  opponent  to  do  so.  The  player  leading  plays  his 
cue  ball  beyond  the  deep  red  to  any  point  at  the  foot  of  the 
table  ;  and  the  next  player  on  his  opening  stroke,  playing  from 
any  point  within  the  string,  must  first  strike  the  white  ball  in 
order  to  effect  a  carrom,  but  on  any  other  stroke,  except  when 
the  cue  ball  is  in  hand,  may  play  on  either  ball  first. 

Should  he,  on  the  leading  stroke,  fail  to  hit  the  white  ball 
first,  or  fail  to  hit  it  at  all,  his  opponent  counts  one  point. 

A  stroke  made  while  a  red  ball  is  off  the  table,  provided 
its  spot  is  unoccupied,  is  foul. 

A  touch  of  a  cue  ball  is  a  shot.  If,  while  the  balls  are  at  rest, 
a  player  touches  or  disturbs  any  ball  on  the  table,  it  is  foul. 

If,  when  the  player’s  ball  is  in  hand,  he  does  not  cause  it  to 
pass  outside  the  string  before  touching  any  of  the  object  balls 
or  cushion,  the  stroke  is  foul,  and  his  opponent  may  choose 
whether  he  will  play  with  the  balls  as  they  are,  have  them 
replaced  in  their  original  positions,  or  cause  the  stroke  to  be 
played  over. 

In  all  other  particulars  the  Four-ball  Carrom  Game  is 
governed  by  the  rules  of  the  Three- ball  Carrom  Game. 

Playing  directly  at  a  ball  that  is  considered  in  the  “string," 
is  not  foul,  provided  the  cue-ball  pass  wholly  beyond  the 
“string"  line  before  coming  in  contact. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


43 


Giving  a  miss  inside  the  “string,”  when  the  playeris  in  hand, 
is  foul ;  but  he  may,  for  safety,  cause  his  ball  to  go  out  of 
the  “string,”  and  return. 


AMERICAN  FOUR-BALL  POCKET  GAME. 

In  the  advance  and  development  of  billiards  during  the  past 
thirty  years,  the  Original  American  Four-ball  Game  has 
fallen  into  almost  total  disuse.  It  is  so  seldom  played  that  a 
brief  mention  of  the  points  wherein  it  differs  from  the  games 
of  the  present  day  will  meet  all  requirements.  It  was  played 
on  a  six-pocket  table,  and  later  on  a  four-pocket  table.  The 
counts  were  as  follows : 

Pocketing  a  red  ball,  3;  Carroming  on  the  red  balls,  3; 
pocketing  an  opponent’s  ball,  2 ;  carroming  on  red  and 
white  balls,  2. 

Subsequently  all  carroms  were  of  equal  value  and  counted 
1  each. 

The  penalties  and  forfeitures  were  as  follows : 

A  miss,  1 ;  pocketing  the  cue  ball  after  contact  with  a  red 
ball,  3 ;  pocketing  the  cue  ball  after  contact  with  a  white  ball, 
2;  pocketing  the  cue  ball  without  hitting  any  object  ball,  3; 
jumping  the  cue  ball  off  the  table  after  contact  with  a  red 
ball,  3;  jumping  the  cue  ball  off  the  table  after  contact  with 
a  white  ball,  2. 

The  “push”  shot  was  for  several  years  permitted,  but  was 
ruled  out  in  1867 ;  up  to  that  time  the  use  of  the  mace  was 
also  allowed. 


CUSHION  CARROM  GAME. 

In  the  Cushion  Carrom  Game  the  general  rules  of  the  Three- 
ball  game  apply  as  to  balls,  spots,  stringing  for  lead,  playing 
from  radius,  ball  forced  off  the  table,  foul  strokes,  penalty  for 
miss,  playing  for  safety,  etc.  The  specific  rules  governing 
Cushion  Carroms  are  as  follows: 


44 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


1.  A  counting  stroke  is  complete  when  the  cue  ball  has 
touched  one  or  more  cushions  before  effecting  a  carrom,  or 
when  the  cue  ball,  after  striking  one  object  ball,  touches  one 
or  more  cushions  before  striking  the  second  object  ball. 

2.  In  case  of  doubt  whether  the  cue  ball  has  touched  a 
cushion  before  striking  an  object  ball,  the  decision  of  the 
referee  must  be  against  the  striker. 

3.  Each  cushion  carrom  counts  one  for  the  striker.  A  miss 
of  both  object  balls  counts  one  for  the  non- striker. 


When  Balls  Are  ‘'Frozen.” 

4.  When  the  cue  ball  is  in  contact  with  (“frozen”  to)  an 
object  ball,  the  striker  may  play  to  a  cushion  from  the  ball 
with  which  the  cue  ball  is  not  in  contact,  or  he  may  play 
direct  to  a  cushion  ;  or  he  may  have  the  balls  spotted  as  at 
the  opening  of  the  game. 

5.  When  the  cue  ball  is  at  rest  against  a  cushion,  it  may  be 
played  so  as  to  rebound  from  that  cushion,  and  a  carrom  so 
effected  shall  be  a  count ;  but  it  is  a  foul  stroke  and  no  count 
if  the  ball  resting  against  a  cushion  is  aimed  directly  at  the 
object  balls  without  having  rebounded  from  this  or  being 
driven  to  another  cushion  before  effecting  the  carrom. 


THBEE-CUSHION  CARKOM  GAME. 

The  game  of  Three-cushion  Carroms  is  governed  by  the  gen¬ 
eral  laws  of  billiards  as  already  set  forth,  and  the  only  partic¬ 
ulars  in  which  it  differs  from  the  game  of  Cushion  Carroms 
are  indicated  in  the  following  rules  : 

1.  In  order  to  constitute  a  valid  carrom,  the  cue  ball  must 
first  have  touched  a  cushion  or  cushions  at  least  three  distinct 
times  before  completing  a  count. 

2.  Each  carrom  counts  one,  and  each  miss  counts  one  for 
the  non-striker. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


45 


3.  In  the  caseof  “ frozen”  balls,  the  option  is  to  play  away 
from  the  balls  or  to  spot  them  at  the  opening  of  the  game. 

4.  When  the  cue  ball  rests  against  a  cushion,  the  striker 
cannot  play  directly  at  that  cushion,  but  must  touch  at  least 
three  other  cushions,  either  before  or  after  contact  with  an 
object  ball,  in  order  to  effect  a  valid  three-cushion  carrom. 


BANK  SHOT  GAME. 

The  rules  distinctively  pertaining  to  the  Bank  Shot  Game 
are  as  follows,  play  being  in  other  respects  governed  by  the 
Three-ball  Carrom  rules : 

1.  In  the  lay-off  shot,  as  in  every  other  stroke,  the  cue  ball 
must  touch  at  least  one  cushion  before  striking  an  object  ball. 

2.  When  the  cue  ball  rests  against  a  cushion,  the  striker 
cannot  play  directly  at  that  cushion,  but  must  touch  at  least 
one  other  cushion  before  completing  a  valid  carrom. 

3.  When  the  cue  ball  is  “  frozen  ”  the  striker  has  no  option, 
but  must  play  with  the  balls  as  he  finds  them. 

4.  In  cases  where  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  cue  ball  touched 
a  cushion  before  coming  in  contact  with  an  object  ball,  the 
decision  of  the  referee  must  be  against  the  striker. 


THE  GAME  OF  BILLIARDS  FOR  THE  ENGLISH 
CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Rules. 

1.  The  choice  of  balls  and  order  of  play  shall,  unless  mu¬ 
tually  agreed  upon  by  the  two  players,  be  determined  by 
stringing ;  and  the  striker  whose  ball  stops  nearest  the  lower 
[or  bottom]  cushion,  after  being  forced  from  balk  up  the 
table,  may  take  which  ball  he  likes,  and  play,  or  direct  his 
opponent  to  play  first,  as  he  may  deem  expedint. 

2.  The  red  ball  shall,  at  the  opening  of  every  game,  be 


46 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


placed  on  the  top  [or  red]  spot,  and  replaced  after  being  pock- 
eted  or  forced  off  the  table,  or  whenever  the  balls  are  bro¬ 
ken. 

3.  Whoever  breaks  the  balls,  i.e.9  opens  the  game,  must 
play  out  of  balk,  though  it  is  not  necessary  that  he  shall  strike 
the  red  ball. 

4.  The  game  shall  be  adjudged  in  favor  of  whoever  first 
scores  the  number  of  points  agreed  on,  when  the  marker 
shall  call  <£  game  ;  ”  or  it  shall  be  given  against  whoever,  after 
having  once  commenced,  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  continue 
when  called  upon  by  his  opponent  to  play. 

[The  scores  are  counted  as  below  :  ] 

5.  A  two  stroke  is  made  by  pocketing  an  opponent’s  ball, 
or  by  pocketing  the  striker’s  ball  off  his  opponent’s,  or  by 
making  a  carrom,  to  effect  which  the  striker  must  cause  his 
ball  to  strike  both  the  others. 

6.  A  three  stroke  is  made  by  pocketing  the  red  ball,  or  by 
pocketing  the  striker’s  ball  off  the  red. 

7.  A  four  stroke  may  be  made  by  pocketing  the  white  and 
spot-white  balls  or  by  making  a  carrom  and  pocketing  an  op¬ 
ponent’s  ball,  or  by  making  a  carrom  and  pocketing  the  strik¬ 
er’s  ball,  the  non  striker’s  ball  having  been  first  hit. 

8.  A  five  stroke  may  be  made  by  scoring  a  carrom  and  pock¬ 
eting  the  red  ball,  or  by  a  carrom  and  pocketing  the  striker’s 
ball  after  having  struck  the  red  ball  first. 

9.  To  effect  a  six  stroke  the  red  bail  must  be  struck  first, 
and  the  striker’s  and  the  red  ball  pocketed,  or  by  a  carrom  off 
an  opponent’s  ball  on  to  the  red  and  pocketing  the  two  white 
balls. 

10.  A  seven  stroke  is  made  by  striking  an  opponent’s  ball 
first,  pocketing  it,  making  a  carrom,  and  pocketing  the  red 
also,  or  by  making  a  carrom  and  pocketing  the  red  and  an 
opponent’s  ball,  or  by  playing  at  an  opponent’s  ball  first  and 
pocketing  all  the  balls  without  making  a  carrom. 

11.  An  eight  stroke  is  made  by  striking  the  red  ball  first, 
pocketing  it,  making  a  carrom,  and  pocketing  the  striker’s  ball, 
or  by  hitting  the  red  first  and  pocketing  all  the  balls  without 
making  a  carrom. 

12.  A  nine  stroke  is  made  by  striking  an  opponent’s  ball 
first,  making  a  carrom,  and  pocketing  all  the  balls. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL.  47 

13.  A  ten  stroke  is  made  by  striking  the  red  ball  first,  mak¬ 
ing  a  carrom,  and  pocketing  all  the  balls. 

14.  If  the  striker  scores  by  his  stroke  he  continues  until  he 
ceases  to  make  any  points,  when  his  opponent  follows  on. 

15.  If  when  moving  the  cue  backward  and  forward,  and 
prior  to  a  stroke,  it  touches  and  moves  the  ball,  the  ball 
must  be  replaced  to  the  satisfaction  of  an  adversary,  other¬ 
wise  it  is  a  foul  stroke  ;  but  if  the  player  strikes,  and  grazes 
any  part  of  the  ball  with  any  part  of  the  cue,  it  must  be  con¬ 
sidered  a  stroke,  and  the  opponent  follows  on. 

16.  If  a  ball  rebounds  from  the  table,  and  is  prevented  in 
any  way,  or  by  any  object  except  the  cushion,  from  falling  to 
the  ground,  or  if  it  lodges  on  a  cushion  and  remains  there,  it 
shall  be  considered  off  the  table,  unless  it  is  the  red,  which 
must  be  spotted. 

17.  A  ball  on  the  brink  of  the  pocket  need  not  be  “  chal¬ 
lenged  :  ”  if  it  ceases  running  and  remains  stationary,  then 
falls  in,  it  must  be  replaced,  and  the  score  thus  made  does 
not  count. 

18.  Any  ball  or  balls  behind  the  balk-line,  or  resting  ex¬ 
actly  upon  the  line,  are  not  playable  if  the  striker  be  in  hand, 
and  he  must  play  out  of  balk  before  hitting  another  ball. 

19.  Misses  may  be  given  with  the  point  or  butt  of  the  cue, 
and  shall  count  one  for  each  against  the  player  ;  or  if  the 
player  strike  his  ball  with  the  cue  more  than  once  a  penalty 
shall  be  enforced,  and  the  non- striker  may  oblige  him  to  play 
again,  or  may  call  on  the  marker  to  place  the  ball  at  the  point 
it  reached  or  would  have  reached  when  struck  first.  [The 
butt  may  also  be  used  for  playing  a  ball  in  hand  up  the  table 
in  order  to  strike  a  ball  in  balk.] 

20.  Foul  strokes  do  not  score  to  the  player,  who  must  al¬ 
low  his  opponent  to  follow  on.  They  are  made  thus  :  By 
striking  a  ball  twice  with  the  cue  ;  by  touching  with  the  hand, 
ball,  or  cue  an  opponent’s  or  the  red  ball  ;  by  playing  with 
the  wrong  ball;  by  lifting  both  feet  from  the  floor  when 
playing ;  by  playing  at  the  striker’s  own  ball  and  displacing 
it  ever  so  little  (except  while  taking  aim,  when  it  shall  be 
replaced,  and  he  shall  play  again). 

21.  The  penalty  for  a  foul  stroke  is  losing  the  lead,  and,  in 
case  of  a  score,  an  opponent  must  have  the  red  ball  spotted, 


48 


A  COMPLETE  IIAND-BOOK  OF 


and  himself  break  the  balls,  when  the  player  who  made  the 
foul  must  follow  suit,  both  playing  from  the  D.  If  the  foul 
is  not  claimed  the  player  continues  to  score,  if  he  can. 

22.  After  being  pocketed  or  forced  off  the  table  the  red 
ball  must  be  spotted  on  the  top  spot,  but  if  that  is  occupied 
by  another  ball  the  red  must  be  placed  on  the  centre  spot  be¬ 
tween  the  middle  pockets. 

23.  If  in  taking  aim  the  player  moves  his  ball  and  causes  it 
to  strike  another,  even  without  intending  to  make  a  stroke,  a 
foul  stroke  may  be  claimed  by  an  adversary.  (See  Rule  Fif¬ 
teenth.) 

24.  If  a  player  fail  to  hit  another  ball,  it  counts  one  to  his 
opponent ;  but  if  by  the  same  stroke  the  player’s  ball  is  forced 
over  the  table  or  into  any  pocket  it  counts  three  to  his  oppo¬ 
nent. 

25.  Forcing  any  ball  off  the  table,  either  before  or  after 
the  score,  causes  the  striker  to  gain  nothing  by  the  stroke. 

26.  In  the  event  of  either  player  using  his  opponent’s  ball 
and  scoring,  the  red  must  be  spotted  and  the  balls  broken 
again  by  the  non-striker  ;  but  if  no  score  is  made,  the  next 
player  may  take  his  choice  of  balls  and  continue  to  use  the 
ball  he  so  chooses  to  the  end  of  the  game.  No  penalty,  how¬ 
ever,  attaches  in  either  case  unless  the  mistake  be  discovered 
before  the  next  stroke. 

27.  No  person  except  an  opponent  has  a  right  to  tell  the 
player  that  he  is  using  the  wrong  ball,  or  to  inform  the  non- 
striker  that  his  opponent  has  used  the  wrong  ball ;  and  if  the 
opponent  does  not  see  the  striker  use  the  ball,  or,  seeing  him, 
does  not  claim  the  penalty,  the  marker  is  bound  to  score  any 
points  made  to  the  striker, 

28.  Should  the  striker  [whose  ball  is  in  hand],  in  playing 
up  the  table  on  a  ball  or  balls  in  balk,  either  by  accident  or 
design,  strike  one  of  them  [with  his  own  ball]  without  first 
going  out  of  balk,  his  opponent  may  have  the  balls  replaced, 
score  a  miss,  and  follow  on  ;  or  may  cause  the  striker  to  play 
again,  or  may  claim  a  foul,  and  have  the  red  spotted  and  the 
balls  broken  again. 

29.  The  striker,  when  in  hand,  may  not  play  at  a  cushion 
within  the  balk  (except  by  going  first  up  the  table)  so  as  to 
hit  balls  that  are  within  or  without  the  line. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


‘19 

30.  If  in  hand,  and  in  the  act  of  playing,  the  striker  shall 
move  his  ball  with  insufficient  strength  to  take  it  out  of  balk, 
it  shall  be  counted  as  a  miss  to  the  opponent,  who,  however, 
may  oblige  him  to  replace  his  ball  and  play  again.  [Failing 
to  play  out  of  balk,  the  player  may  be  compelled  to  play  his 
stroke  over  again.] 

31.  If  in  playing  a  pushing  stroke  the  striker  pushes  more 
than  once  it  is  unfair,  and  any  score  he  may  make  does  not 
count.  His  opponent  follows  by  breaking  the  balls. 

32.  If  in  the  act  of  drawing  back  his  cue  the  striker  knocks 
the  ball  into  a  pocket,  it  counts  three  to  the  opponent,  and  is 
reckoned  a  stroke. 

33.  If  a  foul  stroke  be  made  while  giving  a  miss,  the  adver¬ 
sary  may  enforce  the  penalty  or  claim  the  miss,  but  he  cannot 
do  both. 

34.  If  either  player  take  up  a  ball,  unless  by  consent,  the 
adversary  may  have  it  replaced,  or  may  have  the  balls  broken 
but  if  any  other  person  touches  or  takes  up  a  ball  it  must  be 
replaced  by  the  marker  as  nearly  as  possible. 

35.  If,  after  striking,  the  player  or  his  opponent  should  by 
any  means  obstruct  or  hasten  the  speed  of  any  ball,  it  is  at 
the  opponent  or  player’s  option  to  have  them  replaced,  or  to 
break  the  balls. 

36.  No  player  is  allowed  to  receive,  nor  any  by-stander  to 
offer  advice  on  the  game  ;  but  should  any  person  be  appealed 
to  by  the  marker  or  either  player  he  has  a  right  to  offer  an 
opinion  ;  or  if  a  spectator  sees  the  game  wrongly  marked  he 
may  call  out,  but  he  must  do  so  prior  to  another  stroke. 

37.  The  marker  shall  act  as  umpire,  but  any  question  may 
be  referred  by  either  player  to  the  company,  the  opinion  of 
the  majority  of  whom  shall  be  acted  upon. 


50 


A  COMPLETE  HAND  BOOK  OF 


THE  SPANISH  GAME  OF  BILLIARDS. 

This  game  is  played  in  the  South,  California,  and  in  Mex¬ 
ico  and  Cuba,  and  is  played  with  two  white  and  one  red 
ball,  and  five  pins  placed  similar  to  those  in  Pin  PooL 
The  red  ball  is  placed  on  the  red-ball  spot,  and  the 
first  player  strikes  at  it  from  within  the  balk  semicircle. 
The  game  is  scored  by  winning  and  losing  hazards,  carroms, 
and  by  knocking  over  the  pins.  It  is  usually  played  thirty 
points  up. 


Rules. 

1.  The  player  who  knocks  down  a  pin  after  striking  a 
ball  gains  two  points,  if  he  knocks  down  two  pins  he  gains 
four  points,  and  so  on,  scoring  two  points  for  each  pin  knocked 
down.  If  he  knock  down  the  middle  pin  alone  he  gains  five 
points. 

2.  The  player  who  pockets  the  red  ball  gains  three  points 
and  two  for  each  pin  knocked  down  by  the  same  stroke. 

3.  The  player  who  pockets  the  white  ball  gains  two  points 
and  two  for  each  pin  knocked  over  with  the  same  stroke. 
Each  carrom  counts  two. 

4.  The  player  who  knocks  down  a  pin  or  pins  with  his  own 
ball  before  striking  another  ball  loses  two  for  every  pin  so 
knocked  down. 

5.  The  player  who  pockets  his  own  ball  without  hitting 
another  ball  forfeits  three  points ;  for  missing  altogether  he 
forfeits  one  point. 

6.  The  striker  who  forces  his  own  ball  off  the  table  without 
hitting  another  ball  forfeits  three  points,  and  if  he  does  so 
after  making  a  carrom  or  pocket  he  loses  as  many  points  as 
he  would  otherwise  have  gained.  The  rules  of  the  Three-ball 
Game,  except  where  they  conflict  with  the  foregoing  rules, 
govern  this  game  also. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


51 


THE  GAME  OF  CONTINUOUS  POOL 

For  the  Championship. 

Continuous  Pool,  so  called  from  the  system  of  scoring  the 
game,  differs  from  any  other  game  of  ball  pool  heretofore  in 
vogue.  Unlike  61-  or  8-ball  Pyramid  Pool  the  scoring  of  the 
game  is  continued  until  all  the  balls  in  each  frame  have  been 
pocketed  and  the  game  may  consist  of  any  number  of  balls  or 
points  up  which  may  be  agreed  upon.  Each  ball  pocketed 
scores  one  point  for  the  striker  and  the  game  is  usually  scored 
upon  the  string  of  buttons  over  the  table  as  in  regular  bill¬ 
iards.  Penalties  are  paid  through  deducting  points  from  the 
offending  player’s  score  or  string  of  buttons,  instead  of  for¬ 
feiting  a  ball  to  the  table  as  in  regular  pyramid  pool. 

In  playing  a  long  game  of  more  than  one  night’s  duration, 
when  a  player  shall  have  scored  the  agreed  upon  quota  for 
the  night,  play  must  be  continued  until  all  the  balls  of  the  final 
frame  have  been  pocketed,  and  each  player  must  be  credited 
with  the  balls  which  each  shall  pocket  in  the  aforesaid  final 
frame. 

On  the  final  night  of  a  match,  playing  shall  cease  as  soon  as 
the  leading  player  shall  have  scored  or  pocketed  a  sufficient 
number  of  balls  to  be  declared  winner  of  the  match. 

The  Game. 

The  game  of  Continuous  Pool  is  played  with  fifteen  num¬ 
bered  balls  and  one  white  ball,  not  numbered.  The  latter  is 
the  cue-ball  and  the  player  plays  with  it  from  within  the  string 
at  the  head  of  the  table,  at  the  opening  of  the  game,  at  any  of 
the  numbered  balls,  and  afterward  as  he  finds  it  on  the  table, 
his  object  being  to  pocket  as  many  of  the  numbered  balls  as 
he  can.  The  fifteen  balls  are  numbered  from  one  to  fifteen 


IUBRARY 


52 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


respectively,  and  are  usually  colored,  but  the  numbers  on 
the  balls  are  simply  used  for  convenience  in  calling  the  num¬ 
ber  of  each  ball  which  the  player  intends  to  pocket,  and  do 
not  in  any  way  affect  the  score  of  the  player.  Before  com¬ 
mencing  the  game  these  fifteen  balls  are  placed  promis¬ 
cuously  in  the  form  of  a  triangle  upon  the  table,  a  triangular 
frame  being  employed  for  this  purpose,  to  insure  correctness. 
The  highest  numbered  balls  must  be  placed  nearest  the  apex 
of  the  triangle  and  the  lowest  numbered  at  its  base ;  the 
15-ball  must  be  placed  at  the  apex  and  must  rest  on  the  spot 
known  as  the  red-ball  spot  in  the  regular  Three-ball  Game  of 
Billiards. 

The  string  line  occupies  the  same  place  on  the  table  as  it 
does  in  the  Three-ball  game.  Each  and  every  ball  counts  one 
point,  and  the  game  shall  consist  of  any  given  number  of 
points,  to  be  mutually  agreed  upon. 


Emblem  of  the  Continuous  Pool  Championship  of  Amekica, 


Rules  Governing  Contests . 


1.  Contests  for  the  emblem  shall,  in  addition  to  the  emblem, 
involve  a  money  stake  amounting  to  at  least  $150  a  side. 
This  amount  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  holder  of  the  em¬ 
blem  may  not  be  challenged  by  unskilful  players  whose  only 
object  in  challenging  would  be  to  gain  notoriet}'. 

2.  The  sum  of  $75  must  accompany  all  challenges  to  give 
them  validity.  Until  the  holder  of  the  emblem  covers  this 
amount,  it  will  be  regarded,  not  as  a  forfeit,  but  simply  as  a 
guarantee  of  good  faith,  and  as  being  requisite  to  secure  for 
the  challenge  it  represents  precedence  over  any  others  which 
may  come  after. 

3.  The  holder  of  the  emblem  must  cover  his  challenger’s 
money  within  ten  days  after  receipt  of  notification  that  he  has 
been  challenged.  Failure  to  do  so,  without  sufficient  cause 
therefor,  will  entitle  the  challenger  to  the  emblem.  But  the 
holder  of  the  emblem  will  not  be  required  to  cover  the  money 
of  more  than  one  challenger  at  a  time. 

4.  When  $75  have  been  put  up  on  each  side,  the  $150,  as 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


53 


well  as  the  emblem,  becomes  subject  to  forfeiture.  The  re¬ 
maining*  $75  must  be  put  up  at  least  ten  days  prior  to  date 
of  contest,  and  after  such  final  deposit  the  match  shall  be 
“play  or  pay,”  i.e.,  death  only  relieving*  the  players  from 
their  contract. 

5.  The  holder  of  the  emblem  has  the  right  to  name  the  city 
and  date  of  contest,  but  he  is  required  to  play  within  forty 
days  from  the  time  of  receipt  of  challenge,  but  not  before. 
Should  either  party  refuse  to  play  writhin  the  specified  time, 
he  shall  forfeit  his  claim  to  the  emblem  and  stakes.  Should 
both  parties  conspire  to  defeat  this  or  any  other  rule  relative 
to  the  emblem,  without  the  consent  of  the  donor,  the  match 
shall  be  declared  off  and  the  stake-money  returned.  The  em¬ 
blem  will  revert  to  the  original  donor.  All  games  for  the 
championship  shall  be  played  in  the  United  States. 

6.  To  define  the  above  rule :  A  challenge  issued  while  a 
match  for  the  emblem  is  pending,  and  being  next  in  order, 
shall  go  into  effect  on  the  next  day  after  that  match  is  dis¬ 
posed  of,  either  through  play  or  forfeiture.  A  challenge 
issued  while  there  is  no  match  pending  shall  take  effect  upon 
the  dav  of  its  date*,  provided  it  is  not  in  any  way  subject  to 
the  rule  next  below. 

7.  The  challenge  of  a  player  who  has  been  beaten  while 
contesting  for  the  emblem  shall  not  go  into  effect  until  five 
days  after  the  contest  in  which  he  was  defeated. 

8.  All  challenges  not  conflicting  with  Rule  Seven,  shall  go 
into  effect  in  the  order  of  their  issue,  the  first  being  entitled 
to  priority,  and  so  on.  In  determining  priority,  allowance 
must  be  made  for  distance,  and  the  better  to  settle  disputes, 
all  challenges  sent  by  mail  shall  be  accompanied  by  the  cer¬ 
tificate  of  two  responsible  parties,  other  than  the  player,  set¬ 
ting  forth  the  exact  hour  at  which  the  forfeit  money  was  de¬ 
spatched.  In  case  two  challenges  should  be  issued  at  the  same 
time,  the  holder  of  the  emblem  may  give  either  precedence. 

9.  Each  game  shall  consist  of  200  points,  the  champion 
to  have  the  option  of  playing  only  one  night.  But  if  it  is 
mutually  agreed  upon  between  the  champion  and  his  chal¬ 
lenger,  the  contest  may  consist  of  a  greater  number  cf  points, 
but  no  more  nor  no  less  than  200  points  each  evening.  And 


54 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


after  the  winner  has  defrayed  the  expenses  of  the  match,  he 
shall  receive  whatever  sum  may  have  accrued  above  expenses. 

10.  All  contests  must  fake  place  in  a  public  hall  mutually 
agreed  upon,  and  at  night-time,  commencing  at  eight  o’clock, 
unless  there  should  be  some  special  reason  and  a  special 
agreement  to  play  in  the  day-time. 

11.  The  holder  of  the  emblem  will  be  required  to  defend  it 
for  one  year  against  all  comers,  provided  they  are  at  least 
eighteen  years  of  age,  and  of  un  impeached  professional 
standing.  During  this  probation,  the  holder  of  the  emblem 
must  deposit  with  its  donor  (The  Brunswick-Balke-Collender 
Co.)  the  sum  of  $100,  to  insure  its  preservation  in  good 
order,  and  its  presentation  at  every  contest  in  which  it  may 
devolve  upon  him  to  defend  it.  The  emblem  becomes  the 
property  of  the  player  who  wins  and  defends  it  against  all 
contestants  for  a  period  of  twelve  months. 

12.  In  all  matches  for  the  emblem,  the  permanent  stake¬ 
holder  shall  be  the  New  York  House  of  The  Brunswick- 
Balke-Collender  Co. 

13.  All  matches  for  the  emblem  shall  be  played  with  2  5-16 
inch  balls  upon  a  5x10  table  manufactured  by  The  Brunswick- 
Balke-Collender  Co.  with  pocket-openings  4}£  inches  at  the 
corners  and  4%  inches  at  the  sides. 

14.  In  the  event  of  dispute  as  to  any  point  not  specifically 
covered  by  these  rules  the  decision  shall  rest  with  the  donor  of 
the  emblem. 


Eules  fob  Play. 

1.  In  match  or  tournament  contests  the  game  is  begun  by 
banking,  the  same  as  in  the  Three-ball  Carrom  Game.  The 
winner  of  the  lead  has  the  option  of  playing  first  himself  from 
within  the  string  at  the  head  of  the  table,  or  he  can  compel 
his  opponent  to  play  first  from  the  same  place.  For  con¬ 
venience,  two  white  balls  of  the  same  size  as  the  pool  balls 
may  be  provided  for  banking. 

2.  The  player  who  makes  the  opening  stroke  must  play 
from  within  the  string  at  the  head  of  the  table  and  must  drive 
two  or  more  object-balls  to  a  cushion,  or  cause  at  least  one 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


55 


object-ball  to  go  into  a  pocket.  Should  he  fail  to  do  either, 
the  balls  are  to  be  set  up  again ;  he  forfeits  two  points,  and 
must  continue  to  play  until  he  drives  two  or  more  object-balls 
to  a  cushion,  or  at  least  one  object-ball  into  a  pocket.  Each 
failure  causes  him  to  forfeit  two  points. 

In  match  or  tournament  games  the  player  making  the  open¬ 
ing  stroke  must  call  the  ball  or  bails  to  be  pocketed  in  order 
to  effect  a  count. 

3.  Before  making  a  stroke  the  player  must  distinctly  call 
the  number  of  the  ball  he  intends  to  pocket,  and  unless  he 
does  so  the  ball  pocketed  does  not  count  for  him  and  must  be 
placed  on  the  deep-red  spot;  or,  if  that  be  occupied,  as  near 
on  a  line  below  it  as  possible.  The  player  loses  his  hand,  but 
does  not  forfeit  any  points,  and  the  next  player  plays.  Should 
he  call  more  than  one  ball,  he  must  pocket  all  the  balls  he  calls, 
otherwise  none  of  them  can  be  counted  for  him.  A  player  is 
not  required  to  pay  a  penalty  for  failure  to  move  or  hit  a  called 
ball  provided  he  hits  any  other  ball  or  balls  on  the  table. 

[ Note  to  Rule  3.— By  an  agreement  entered  into  by  the  players  in  the  Worlds 
Championship  Tournament  in  March,  1893,  it  was  stipulated  that  in  match  or 
tournament  games  a  ball  falling  in  a  pocket,  other  than  the  one  for  which  it  is 
obviously  intended,  according  to  the  judgment  of  the  referee,  does  not  count.] 

4.  After  the  opening  stroke  each  player  must  either  pocket 
a  ball  or  make  at  least  one  object-ball  or  the  cue-ball,  after 
contact  with  an  object-ball,  strike  a  cushion,  under  penalty  of 
forfeiture  of  one  point. 

5.  Should  the  player  pocket,  by  the  same  stroke,  more  balls 
than  he  calls,  he  is  entitled  to  all  the  balls  he  calls  and  all  the 
other  balls  pocketed  by  the  stroke. 

6.  All  strokes  must  be  made  with  the  point  of  the  cue, 
otherwise  they  are  foul. 

7.  A  forfeit  of  one  point  is  deducted  from  the  player’s  score 
for  making  a  miss,  pocketing  his  own  ball,  forcing  his  own  ball 
off  the  table,  failing  to  either  make  an  object-ball  strike  a 
cushion  or  go  into  a  pocket,  or  the  cue-ball  to  strike  a  cushion 
as  provided  in  Rule  4,  and  for  striking  his  own  ball  twice. 

8.  A  ball  whose  centre  is  on  the  string  line  must  be  regarded 
as  within  the  line. 


56 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


9.  If  the  player  pocket  one  or  more  of  the  object-balls,  and 
his  own  ball  go  into  a  pocket  or  off  the  table  from  the  stroke, 
he  cannot  score  for  the  balls,  which  must  be  placed  on  the 
spot  known  as  the  deep-red  spot ;  or,  if  it  be  occupied,  as  near¬ 
ly  below  it  as  possible,  and  on  a  line  with  the  spot,  and  the 
player  forfeits  one  point  for  pocketing  his  own  ball  or  driving 
it  off  the  table. 

10.  A  ball  going  into  a  pocket  and  rebounding  onto  the  table 
must  be  regarded  in  the  same  light  as  if  it  had  struck  a 
cushion,  and  is  not  to  be  counted  as  a  pocketed  ball.  It  re¬ 
tains  its  place  where  it  comes  to  rest  upon  the  table.  An 
object- ball  forced  off  the  table,  or  forced  off  and  rebounding 
from  some  object  foreign  to  the  table,  must  be  replaced  upon 
the  deep-red  spot ;  or,  if  that  be  occupied,  on  aline  below  it  and 
as  near  as  possible.  If  it  is  the  cue-ball,  it  is  to  be  regarded 
as  being  off  the  table  and  in  hand.  The  gas-fixture  or  other 
apparatus  for  lighting,  when  placed  directly  over  the  table, 
shall  not  be  considered  a  foreign  object,  and  should  a  ball 
striking  a  fixture  rebound  to  the  table,  it  must  retain  its 
position  where  it  comes  to  rest. 

11.  A  ball  resting  on  the  cushion  must  be  regarded  as  off 
the  table. 

12.  When  the  cue-ball  is  in  hand,  the  player  may  play  from 
anyplace  within  the  string  at  any  object-ball  outside  of  it; 
but  he  is  not  allowed  to  play  directly  at  an  object-ball  which 
is  within  the  string.  Should  none  of  the  object-balls  be  out¬ 
side,  that  ball  which  is  nearest  outside  the  string  should  be 
spotted  on  the  deep-red  spot,  and  the  player  may  play  at  it. 

13.  Should  the  striker  touch  the  cue-ball  with  the  point  of 
his  cue,  or  should  he  touch  it  with  any  other  part  of  the  cue 
except  the  point,  or  with  his  clothing,  or  anything  else,  it 
shall  be  accounted  a  stroke.  The  striker  loses  his  hand,  for¬ 
feits  three  points,  and  the  next  player  plays. 

14.  Should  the  player  touch  an  object-ball  with  the  point 
or  any  other  part  of  the  cue,  or  with  his  clothing,  or  anything 
else,  the  ball  so  disturbed  is  to  be  replaced  by  the  referee  in 
its  original  position.  The  striker  loses  his  hand  only  and  the 
next  player  plays. 

15.  A  counting  stroke  cannot  be  regarded  as  being 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


57 


completed  until  all  balls  set  in  motion  by  the  stroke  have  come 
to  rest. 

16.  A  stroke  made  when  any  of  the  balls  are  in  motion  is 
foul.  Should  such  a  stroke  be  made,  the  balls  are  either  to 
be  replaced  or  left  as  they  come  to  rest,  at  the  option  of  the 
next  player,  and  the  next  player  plays.  The  striker  loses  his 
hand  and  forfeits  three  points. 

17.  Should  the  player  strike  his  own  ball  twice  he  forfeits 
three  points,  and  the  balls  disturbed  in  consequence  of  the 
second  stroke  are  to  be  placed  by  the  referee  in  the  position 
they  occupied  before  the  first  stroke,  or  left  as  they  are  when 
they  come  to  rest,  at  the  option  of  the  next  player.  The 
striker  loses  his  hand,  and  the  next  player  plays. 

18.  Should  the  balis,  or  any  of  them,  on  the  table  be  acci¬ 
dentally  disturbed  by  any  other  person  or  cause  than  the 
player,  they  are  to  be  replaced  as  nearly  as  possible  in  their 
original  position,  and  the  player  may  continue. 

19.  Push  shots  are  allowed ;  that  is,  it  is  not  necessary  to 
withdraw  the  point  of  the  cue  from  the  cue-ball  before  the 
latter  touches  the  object-ball.  When  the  cue-ball  is  in  con¬ 
tact  with  another  ball,  the  player  may  play  directly  at  the  ball 
with  which  it  is  in  contact,  or  directly  from  it,  and  the  latter 
play  shall  not  be  recorded  as  a  miss,  provided  a  cushion  is 
struck,  as  specified  in  Rule  4, 

20.  When  the  striker  is  in  hand,  should  he  play  from 
any  position  not  within  the  string  line,  without  being 
checked  previous  to  the  stroke  being  made,  any  score  he  may 
make  from  such  stroke  he  is  entitled  to  ;  but  if  he  is  checked 
before  making  the  stroke,  and  then  makes  it,  it  does  not 
count  for  him,  his  hand  is  out  and  the  next  player  plays,  and 
all  balls  disturbed  by  the  stroke  must  be  replaced  or  left  as 
they  are,  at  the  option  of  the  next  player. 

21.  It  is  foul,  and  the  striker  forfeits  one  point,  if,  while  in 
the  act  of  striking,  he  has  not  at  least  one  foot  on  the  floor. 

22.  Should  the  striker,  by  a  clear,  fair  stroke  of  the  cue, 
pocket  a  ball  and,  after  the  stroke,  mcve,  touch,  or  foul  one 
or  more  of  the  object-balls,  he  is  entitled  to  the  pocketed  ball 
and  loses  his  hand  only  because  of  the  foul,  and  the  next 
player  plays. 


58 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


23.  Should  a  ball  that  has  come  to  a  standstill  move,  with¬ 
out  apparent  cause,  while  the  player  is  preparing  to  strike,  it 
must  be  replaced.  Should  it  move  before  he  can  stop  his 
stroke,  it  and  all  the  other  balls  set  in  motion  by  the  stroke 
must  be  replaced,  and  the  player  shall  repeat  his  stroke,  inas¬ 
much  as,  but  for  the  moving  of  the  ball,  he  might  have  counted 
where  he  missed  or  missed  where  he  counted. 

[Note  to  Buie  25. — Should  a  ball  after  having  come  to  a  standstill  and 
then  resting  on  the  edge  of  a  pocket  fall  into  the  pocket  without  being 
hit  by  another  ball,  it  must  be  replaced  by  the  referee,  or  by  the  marker 
through  the  direction  of  the  referee.  Should  it  so  fall  into  a  pocket 
while  the  striker  is  in  the  act  of  taking  aim,  or  should  it  so  fall  into  the 
pocket  after  the  striker  has  delivered  his  stroke  and  before  his  ball,  or 
an  object-ball  set  in  motion  by  the  stroke,  hits  said  ball,  it  and  all  other 
balls  set  in  motion  by  the  stroke  must  be  replaced  by  the  referee,  or  by 
the  marker  through  the  direction  of  the  referee,  as  near  as  possible  to 
their  original  positions,  and  the  striker  is  entitled  to  play  again.  A  ball 
must  be  positively  hit  by  another  ball  before  it  can  be  reckoned  as  a 
pocketed  ball,  and  should  the  vibration  of  the  table,  through  the  roll¬ 
ing  of  the  balls,  or  through  atmospheric  influences  or  any  other  causes 
other  than  by  being  positively  hit  by  another  ball  through  a  fair  deliv¬ 
ery  of  the  cue,  cause  a  ball  resting  on  the  edge  of  a  pocket  to  fall  into 
it,  that  ball  must  be  replaced  by  the  referee  or  marker  and  cannot  be 
reckoned  as  a  pocketed  ball. 

24.  Should  a  player  make  three  scratches  or  forfeitures  of 
points  in  succession  he  shall  forfeit  every  ball  remaining  on 
the  table  to  his  opponent,  except  as  provided  in  Eule  2. 

25.  Under  these  rules  no  player  is  allowed  to  withdraw  be¬ 
fore  the  game  is  played  out ;  by  so  doing,  without  sufficient 
cause,  he  forfeits  the  game. 

26.  In  case  of  a  scratch  or  forfeiture  the  claim  for  such  must 
be  put  in  before  another  strike  is  made,  otherwise  it  cannot 
be  recorded  against  that  player  later  in  the  game. 

Notes  to  the  Foregoing  Eules. 

The  decision  of  the  referee  is  final,  but  it  might  happen, 
under  extraordinary  circumstances,  that  one  of  the  players 
should  believe  his  rights  to  have  been  violated  by  the  referee. 
In  such  a  case  he  must  at  once,  and  before  more  than  one 
stroke  has  been  played,  declare  the  cause  of  his  grievance  and 
announce  that  he  is  playing  the  game  out  under  protest. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


59 


Then,  should  he  lose  the  game,  the  subject  of  the  grievance 
is  left  to  the  decision  of  the  experts  mutually  agreed  upon. 

The  rules  cf  the  Three-b  ill  Game  of  Billiards,  when  not  con¬ 
flicting  with  any  of  the  foregoing  rules,  govern  this  game  also. 


THE  GAME  OF  FIFTEEN-BALL  POOL  FOR  THE 
CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  game  of  Fifteen-ball  Pool  is  played  with  fifteen  num¬ 
bered  balls,  and  one  white  b  ill  not  numbered.  The  latter  is  the 
cue-ball,  and  the  player  plays  with  it  from  within  the  string 
at  the  head  of  the  table,  at  the  opening  of  the  game,  at  any 
of  the  numbered  balls,  and  afterward  as  he  finds  it  on  the 
table,  his  object  being  to  pocket  as  many  of  the  numbered 
balls  as  he  can,  the  number  on  each  ball  he  pockets  being 
scored  to  his  credit ;  so  tmt  not  he  who  pockets  the  largest 
number  of  balls,  but  he  whose  score,  when  added  up,  yields 
the  largest  total,  wins  the  game.  The  fifteen  balls  are  num¬ 
bered  from  one  to  fifteen,  respectively,  and  are  usually  col¬ 
ored.  Before  commencing  the  game  these  fifteen  balls  are 
placed  in  the  form  of  a  triangle  upon  the  table — a  triangular 
frame  being  employed  for  this  purpose  to  insure  correctness. 
The  ball  numbered  fifteen  is  so  placed  upon  the  table  as  to 
form  the  apex  of  the  triangle,  pointing  upward  toward  the 
head  of  the  table,  and  in  forming  the  triangle  the  fifteen-ball 
should  rest  as  nearly  as  possible  upon  the  spot  known  as  the 
deep-red  spot  in  the  Three-  or  Four-ball  Games.  The  other 
balls  should  have  their  places  in  the  triangle  so  that  the 
highest  numbers  shall  be  nearest  the  apex,  the  lowest  num¬ 
bers  forming  the  base. 

The  string-line  occupies  the  same  place  on  the  table  as  it 
does  in  the  Four-ball  Game. 

The  numbers  on  the  balls  pocketed  count  for  the  player 
who  pockets  them  fairly,  and  as  the  sum  total  of  all  the  num¬ 
bers  on  the  fifteen  balls  amounts  only  to  one  hundred  and 
twenty,  of  which  sixty-one  is  more  than  one-half,  when  only 
two  persons  are  playing  whichever  makes  the  latter  number 
first  is  the  winner  of  the  game. 


60 


A  COMPLETE  HAND  BOOK  OF 


Rules  Governing  all  Contests. 

1.  Should  the  player  making  the  opening  stroke  fail  to  make 

;at  least  two  of  the  object-balls  strike  a  cushion,  or  at  least  one 
object-ball  go  into  a  pocket,  he  forfeits  three  points  and  the 
next  player  plays.  In  the  opening  stroke  all  balls  pocketed 
count  for  the  player,  and  he  is  not  re  quired  to  call  any  ball  on 
this  stroke.  ) 

In  match  or  tournament  games,  ^Ren  on  the  opening  stroke 
the  player  fails  to  drive  at  least  tw^  object  balls  to  a  cushion, 
or  to  pocket  at  least  one  object-ball,  the  balls  are  set  up  again, 
and  he  forfeits  two  scratches,  or  six  points,  and  must  continue 
to  play  until  he  drives  two  or  mori  object-balls  to  a  cushion, 
or  at  least  one  object-ball  to  a  pocket.  For  each  failure  so  to 
do  he  forfeits  six  points. 

2.  After  the  opening  stroke  each  player  must  either  pocket 
a  ball,  make  an  object- ball  strike  y,  cushion  or  the  cue -ball 
strike  a  cushion  after  contact  with  an  object- ball,  under  pen¬ 
alty  of  forfeiture  of  three  points.  Three  forfeitures  in  suc¬ 
cession  lose  the  player  making  thdrn  the  game. 

Should  the  striker  pocket  the  cu^-ball  during  the  game,  and 
by  the  same  stroke  fail  to  drive  one  or  more  balls  against  a 
cushion  or  into  a  pocket,  he  forfeits  three  only  for  the  pocket¬ 
ing  of  the  cue-ball. 

3.  When  two  players  only  are  engaged  in  a  game,  and  one 
player’s  score  amounts  to  more  than  the  aggregate  numbers 
on  the  balls  credited  to  the  other  player,  added  to  that  remain¬ 
ing  on  the  table,  the  game  is  ended,  the  player  whose  score  is 
higher  than  this  total  wins.  But  when  more  than  two  players 
are  engaged  the  game  is  ended  only  when  the  aggregate  of 
numbers  of  the  balls  remaining  on  the  table  do  not  amount  to 
enough  to  tie  or  beat  the  next  lowest  score.  It  is  the  duty  of 
the  game-keeper  to  proclaim  it  when  a  game  is  won. 

4.  A  forfeiture  of  three  points  is  deducted  from  the  player’s 
score  for  making  a  miss ;  pocketing  his  own  ball ;  forcing  his 
own  ball  off  the  table ;  failure  to  make  the  opening  stroke,  as 
provided  in  Rule  1 ;  failure  either  to  make  an  object  ball  strike 
a  cushion  or  go  into  a  pocket,  as  provided  in  Rule  2 ;  playing 
out  of  his  turn,  if  detected  doing  so  before  he  has  made  more 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


61 


than  one  counting  stroke ;  striking  the  cue-ball  more  than 
once ;  making  a  stroke  when  any  of  the  balls  are  in  motion ; 
failing  to  have  at  least  one  foot  on  the  floor  while  in  the  act  of 
striking. 

5.  In  a  match  or  tournament  game  a  tie  game  is  reckoned 
as  void,  and  must  be  played  over  to  determine  the  winner. 

6.  The  rules  of  the  Three-ball  Carrom  Game  and  of  the 
Game  of  Continuous  Pool  for  the  Championship,  when  not 
conflicting  with  the  above  rules,  govern  this  game  also. 


AMERICAN  PYRAMID  POOL. 

The  game  of  American  Pyramid  Pool  is  played  with  fifteen 
balls,  numbered  from  1  to  15,  respectively,  and  a  white  cue- 
ball.  The  player  opening  the  game  plays  from  any  point 
inside  the  string,  and  after  the  opening  shot  plays  with  the 
cue-ball  as  he  finds  it.  Each  ball  counts  one  point,  and  in 
match  or  two-hand  games,  the  player  first  scoring  eight  balls 
wins  game. 


The  Rules  for  Play. 

1.  In  the  opening  stroke  the  cue-ball,  aimed  direct  or  as  the 
result  of  a  bank  shot,  must  strike  the  pyramid  with  force  suf¬ 
ficient  to  cause  at  least  two  object-balls  to  touch  a  cushion,  or 
at  least  one  object-ball  to  go  into  a  pocket.  Failure  to  do 
either  forfeits  the  stroke  and  one  ball  to  the  table. 

In  case  of  a  forfeit  by  a  player  having  no  ball  to  his  credit, 
the  first  ball  scored  by  him  shall  be  placed  on  the  deep-red 
spot,  or  as  near  thereto  as  possible.  All  balls  pocketed  on  the 
opening  stroke  count,  and  need  not  be  called. 

In  match  or  tournament  games,  when  the  player  on  the 
opening  stroke  fails  to  drive  at  least  two  balls  to  a  cushion  or 
one  ball  to  a  pocket,  the  balls  are  set  up  again,  and  the  player 
forfeits  one  ball  from  his  score,  and  must  continue  to  play  un¬ 
til  he  shall  have  made  a  legal  leading  stroke. 


62 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


2.  After  the  opening  stroke  the  player  must  call  the  number 
of  the  ball  he  intends  to  pocket,  but  need  not  call  the  pocket. 
Should  the  called  ball  not  be  pocketed,  no  ball  pocketed  on 
that  stroke  is  counted,  but  must  be  placed  on  the  deep-red 
spot,  or  as  near  as  possible  on  a  line  below  it ;  the  player’s 
hand  is  out,  but  he  incurs  no  penalty.  Should  more  than  one 
ball  be  called,  and  one  or  more  thus  called  should  not  be  pock¬ 
eted,  none  can  be  counted.  Failure  to  hit  a  called  ball 
involves  no  penalty,  provided  any  other  ball  be  hit. 

3.  One  ball  is  forfeited  if  after  the  opening  stroke  the  player 
fail  to  pocket  a  ball,  or  fail  to  make  at  least  one  object-ball,  or 
the  cue-ball,  after  hitting  an  object-ball,  strike  a  cushion. 
Should  the  player  also  pocket  the  cue-ball  after  failure  as 
above  described,  he  forfeits  but  one  ball  on  the  stroke. 

4.  When  one  or  more  balls,  in  addition  to  the  ball  called, 
are  pocketed,  the  player  is  entitled  to  all  pocketed. 

5.  When  more  than  two  players  are  engaged,  the  game  is 
ended  when  the  balls  remaining  on  the  table  are  not  sufficient 
to  tie  the  next  lowest  score ;  and  all  that  may  be  depending 
upon  the  game  shall  be  decided  in  accordance  with  the  stand¬ 
ing  of  each  player  when  pool  is  called. 

6.  A  player  forfeits  one  ball  for  making  a  miss,  pocketing 
the  cue-ball,  forcing  the  cue-ball  off  the  table,  for  failing  as 
described  in  Eule  3,  and  for  striking  the  cue-ball  twice. 

7.  It  is  a  stroke,  and  one  ball  is  forfeited,  if  the  striker  touch 
the  cue-ball  with  his  cue  and  make  a  miss,  or  touch  it  with  his 
clothing,  or  any  other  object. 

8.  A  stroke  made  when  any  ball  is  in  motion  is  foul,  one 
ball  is  forfeited,  and  the  incoming  striker  may  either  have  the 
balls  replaced  or  play  as  he  finds  them. 

9.  When  the  cue-ball  is  struck  twice,  the  balls  disturbed  in 
consequence  of  the  second  stroke  shall  be  replaced,  or  the  in¬ 
coming  striker,  if  he  choose,  may  play  as  he  finds  them  ;  the 
striker  forfeits  one  ball. 

10.  The  Eules  of  Continuous  Pool  for  the  Championship, 
and  of  the  Three-ball  Carrom  Game,  except  as  above  specified, 
govern  this  game  also. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


63 


THE  LAWS  OF  ENGLISH  PYRAMIDS. 

The  English  balk  semi-circle  is  used  in  this  game . 

Rules. 

1.  This  game  may  be  played  with  any  number  of  balls, 
generally  sixteen,  viz. :  fifteen  red,  and  one  white. 

2.  In  “ setting  the  balls”  at  the  commencement  of  the 
game  they  are  placed  on  the  table  in  the  form  of  a  triangle 
or  pyramid,  the  first  or  head  ball  to  stand  on  the  red-ball 
spot,  the  semicircle,  or  balk  for  the  cue-ball,  being  from 
twenty-one  to  twenty-three  inches  in  diameter. 

3.  If  more  than  two  persons  play,  and  their  number  is  odd* 
each  plays  alternately — the  rotation  to  be  decided  by  string¬ 
ing.  The  player  pocketing  the  greatest  number  of  balls  to 
receive  from  each  of  the  other  players  (a  certain  sum  per  ball 
having  been  agreed  upon)  the  difference  between  their  lives 
and  his. 

4.  If  the  number  of  players  be  even  they  may  form  sides, 
when  the  partners  either  play  alternately  or  go  out  upon  a 
hazard,  miss,  etc.,  being  made,  as  previously  agreed. 

5.  The  players  string  for  choice  of  lead  ;  then  the  leader 
places  his  ball  (the  white)  within  the  string  or  balk  semicircle, 
and  plays  at  the  pyramid. 

6.  The  next  striker  plays  the  white  ball  from  the  place 
where  it  rests  after  his  opponent  has  made  his  stroke  ;  but  if 
the  ball  should  be  off  the  table,  it  must  be  played  from  the 
string  or  balk,  as  at  commencement. 

7.  None  but  winning  hazards  count  toward  the  striker’s 
game.  One  point  or  life  is  reckoned  for  each  winning  hazard, 
and  he  who  pockets  the  greatest  number  of  balls  wins. 

8.  The  player  loses  a  point  if  he  pocket  the  white  ball  or 
forces  it  off  the  table,  if  he  give  a  miss,  or  run  a  coup,  i.e., 
runs  the  cue-ball  into  a  pocket  or  off  the  table  without  hitting 
a  ball. 

9.  For  every  losing  hazard,  i.e.,  pocketing  cue-ball,  miss, 
or  coup,  made  by  the  player  a  point  is  to  be  taken  from  his 
score  by  a  ball  being  replaced  on  the  pyramid  spot ;  but  if 
that  spot  be  occupied  the  ball  must  be  placed  immediately 
behind  it. 

10.  If  the  striker  pocket  his  own  ball,  or  jump  it  off  the 


64 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


table,  and  by  the  same  stroke  pocket  one  or  more  of  the  pyra¬ 
mid  balls,  or  jump  them  off  the  table,  he  gains  nothing  by 
the  stroke  ;  the  pyramid  ball  so  pocketed  must  be  replaced 
on  the  spot,  together  with  one  of  the  balls  previously  holed  by 
the  player. 

11.  Should  the  striker,  losing  a  ball  by  forfeit,  not  have 
taken  one,  the  first  he  pockets  must  be  placed  on  the  table, 
as  in  Rule  9  ;  should  he  not  take  one  during  the  game,  he 
must  pay  the  price  of  a  life  for  each  ball  so  forfeited,  or  the 
number  of  balls  which  lie  may  owe  is  deducted  from  his 
score  in  computing  the  balls  at  the  finish  of  the  game. 

12.  If  the  (white)  playing-ball  touch  a  (colored)  pyramid 
ball  the  striker  may  score  all  the  balls  he  pockets,  but  he  can¬ 
not  give  a  miss  without  forfeiting  a  point. 

13.  Should  the  striker  move  any  ball  in  taking  aim  or  strik 
ing,  he  loses  all  he  might  otherwise  have  gained  by  the  stroke. 

14.  If  the  striker  force  one  or  more  of  the  pyramid  balls 
off  the  table  he  scores  nothing,  and  the  ball  must  be  placed 
upon  the  spot. 

15.  If  the  game  be  played  with  an  odd  number  (fifteen)  of 
pyramid  balls,  the  last  hazard  counts  two.  [In  England  six¬ 
teen  balls  are  frequently  used,  the  sixteenth  being  placed  in 
the  centre  of  the  base  of  the  pyramid,  directly  in  the  rear  of 
the  head  ball.] 

16.  When  all  the  colored  balls  but  one  are  pocketed,  the 
player  who  made  the  last  hazard  continues  to  play  with  the 
white  ball,  and  his  opponent  with  the  red,  each  playing  alter¬ 
nately,  as  at  single  pool. 

17.  When  only  two  balls  remain  on  the  table,  with  two 
persons  playing,  should  the  striker  pocket  his  own  ball  or 
make  a  miss,  the  game  is  finished,  and  the  opponent  adds  one 
to  his  score.  If  there  are  more  than  two  players,  and  they 
not  partners,  the  striker  places  a  ball  on  the  spot. 

18.  The  balk  or  string  is  no  protection  to  the  non-striker’s 
ball.  The  player  whose  ball  is  in  hand  can  play  from  the 
semicircle  at  any  ball  on  the  table. 

19.  All  disputes  are  to  be  decided  by  the  marker  ;  or,  if  he 
be  interested  in  the  game,  as  a  player  or  interested  party,  by 
the  majority  of  the  company. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


C5- 


CHICAGO  POOL. 

This  game  is  played  with  the  numbered  pool  balls  from  I 
to  15  and  a  white  cue-ball,  as  in  Fifteen-ball  Pool,  the  object 
being  to  play  upon  and  pocket  the  balls  in  their  numerical 
order. 

The  table  is  laid  out  for  the  game  by  placing  the  one  ball 
against  the  end  cushion  at  the  first  right-hand  diamond  sight 
at  the  foot  of  the  table,  as  seen  in  the  diagram  ;  the  two-ball 
is  placed  at  the  centre  diamond  sight  on  same  cushion  ;  the 
remaining  thirteen  balls  are  placed  in  the  order  of  their  num¬ 
bers  at  the  succeeding  diamond  sights,  as  shown  in  the  dia¬ 
gram.  All  things  being  equal,  it  is  immaterial  which  way 
the  numbers  run  in  setting  the  balls,  for  they  may  also  be  set 
so  that  the  one-ball  is  placed  on  that  diamond  sight  which, 
when  standing  at  the  head  of  the  table  and  looking  toward 
the  foot  or  lower  end,  appears  as  the  left-hand  diamond 
sight  on  the  end  rail,  with  the  three-ball  placed  at  the  right,, 
etc. 

The  three  sights  on  the  end  rail  at  head  of  the  table  are 
not  occupied  by  any  ball. 


In  opening  the  game  the  order  of  play  is  determined  by 
throwing  out  small  numbered  balls,  as  in  Fifteen-ball  Pool, 


66 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


and  he  whose  first  play  it  may  be  strikes  the  cue -ball  from 
any  point  within  the  string  line. 

The  opening  stroke  must  be  to  strike  the  one-ball.  If  that 
ball  is  holed  it  is  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  player,  and  he 
continues  his  hand  until  he  fails  to  score,  but  in  continuing 
he  must  play  each  time  upon  the  ball  bearing  the  lowest 
number  on  the  table.  After  playing  upon  that  ball,  however, 
should  any  other  be  pocketed  by  the  same  stroke,  irrespective 
of  its  number,  it  shall  be  placed  to  the  player’s  credit  so 
pocketing  it. 

If  the  line  of  aim  at  the  ball  required  to  be  hit  is  covered 
by  another  ball,  the  player  may  resort  to  a  bank  play  or 
mass<3,  etc.,  but  should  he  fail  to  hit  the  required  ball  he  for¬ 
feits  three,  receiving  a  scratch. 

Should  a  ball  be  holed  by  a  foul  stroke  it  is  replaced  upon 
the  spot  it  occupied  at  the  opening  of  the  game,  but  should 
it  be  the  8,  9,  10,  or  11  ball  so  holed,  they  being  within  the 
string,  and  the  cue-ball  in  hand,  then  the  balls  specified  are 
to  be  placed  upon  the  pyramid  or  red-ball  spot,  or  should 
that  be  occupied,  as  near  to  it  as  is  possible,  as  in  Fifteen-ball 
Pool. 

The  player  having  the  lowest  aggregate  score  is  required 
to  pay  for  general  refreshment  for  all  in  the  game.  The 
player  having  the  second  lowest  score  pays  for  the  game. 

The  rules  of  Fifteen-ball  Pool  govern  Chicago  Pool,  except 
where  they  conflict  with  the  foregoing  rules. 


TWO  BALL  POOL. 

This  game,  about  40  years  ago,  was  universally  in 
vogue  in  this  country.  It  is  played  on  a  pocket  table,  and  is 
opened  by  throwing  out  the  small,  numbered  balls  to 
determine  the  order  of  play  as  in  Fifteen-ball  Pool,  and  any 
number  of  persons  may  engage  in  the  game.  Two  balls  only, 
a  red  and  white,  are  used  to  play  the  game,  and  the  striker 
plays  with  that  ball  which  was  the  object-ball  in  the  preceding 
stroke,  except  when  a  ball  has  been  pocketed.  In  the  latter 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


67 


case  there  must  be  a  new  lead,  the  next  striker  leading  with 
the  red  ball,  and  being  followed  with  the  white  ball  from  the 
string. 

Rules. 

1.  Player  No.  1  must  lead  with  the  red,  but  has  the  privilege 
of  spotting  his  ball,  in  case  the  lead  does  not  please  him.  But 
if,  in  a  pushing  lead,  he  does  not  withdraw  his  mace  or  cue 
from  the  ball  before  it  passes  the  middle  pockets,  the  stroke 
is  foul,  and  player  No.  2  has  the  option  of  playing  at  the  ball 
as  it  is  left,  having  the  lead  played  over  again,  or  causing  the 
red  to  be  spotted  on  the  pool  spot. 

2.  Each  player  has  one,  two,  or  more  lives,  as  may  be 
agreed  on.  When  he  forfeits  these  he  is  said  to  be  dead, 
except  he  obtains  what  is  called  a  “privilege,”  meaning  one 
chance  more. 

3.  This  privilege,  except  where  all  the  players  consent  to 
its  remaining’open,  must  be  taken  by  the  first  man  “  killed 
and  the  person  so  killed  must  determine  whether  he  will  ac¬ 
cept  it  or  not  at  once,  before  another  stroke  is  played.  [This 
is  the  strict  rule  of  the  game,  and  as  such  may  be  enforced ; 
but  as  a  general  practice  the  privilege  remains  open  until 
taken  up  by  some  one  of  the  players.] 

4.  After  a  game  has  been  commenced,  no  one  can  take  a 
bali,  except  with  the  consent  of  all  who  are  already  in  the 
game  ;  and  after  the  privilege  is  gone,  no  stranger  can  be  ad¬ 
mitted  to  the  game  under  any  circumstances. 

5.  Any  person  in  the  pool  whose  lives  are  not  exhausted, 
and  who  thinks  a  hazard  may  be  made  in  a  certain  position, 
can  claim  the  stroke,  or  “take  the  hazard,”  as  it  is  technically 
called,  in  case  the  striker  does  not  choose  to  risk  that  particu¬ 
lar  stroke  himself.  Should  the  person  who  takes  the  hazard 
fail  to  execute  it,  he  loses  a  life. 

6.  The  player  has  the  best  right  to  take  a  hazard,  and  must 
be  marked  if  he  fails  to  pocket  the  ball,  in  case  any  other 
player  in  the  pool  has  offered  to  take  it. 

7.  In  playing  out  of  his  turn  the  player  loses  a  life,  unless 
he  pockets  the  object-ball,  in  which  case  the  ball  pocketed 
loses  a  life,  and  the  next  in  rotation  to  the  person  who  ought 
to  have  played  plays. 


68 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


8.  But  if  one  player  misdirect  another  by  calling  on  him  to 
play  when  it  is  not  his  turn,  the  misdirector,  and  not  the  mis¬ 
directed,  loses  a  life,  and  the  next  in  turn  must  lead  with  the 
red  as  usual. 

9.  Whoever  touches  any  of  the  balls  while  running  forfeits 
a  life.  This  rule  is  invariable,  and  can  only  be  relaxed  by  the 
consent  of  all  the  players. 

10.  No  player  can  own  or  have  an  interest  in  more  than 
one  ball  at  a  time  ;  nor  can  he  buy  another  ball,  nor  own  an 
interest  in  another  ball,  while  his  own  ball  is  either  alive  or 
privileged. 

11.  After  the  number  which  he  drew  is  dead,  he  may  buy 
that  of  another  player,  and  take  his  place  ;  but  if  the  seller 
only  dispose  of  an  interest  in  his  ball,  he  must  either  continue 
to  play  it  himself  or  sell  out  his  ball  in  toto ,  in  which  latter 
case  any  member  of  the  original  pool  may  buy  and  finish  out 
the  game. 

12.  But  no  person  not  included  in  the  original  pool  can  be 
permitted  to  buy  in  and  play  ;  though  outsiders  may  purchase 
an  interest  in  a  ball,  still  permitting  the  original  member  of 
the  pool  to  play  it. 

18.  If  the  leader  sells  his  number  upon  the  lead,  the  pur¬ 
chaser  must  either  allow  the  lead  made  to  stand  or  the  ball 
may  be  spotted  at  his  option. 

14.  A  lead  once  made  cannot  be  changed,  even  when  the 
next  player  sells  his  ball  to  a  third  party  ;  but  the  leader  has, 
at  all  times,  the  option  of  having  his  ball  spotted. 

15.  No  player  can  strike  twice  in  succession  under  any  cir¬ 
cumstances,  except  when  there  are  only  two  players  left,  and 
one  of  them  has  holed  his  opponent’s  ball.  In  that  case  the 
person  who  has  pocketed  the  ball  must  lead  for  his  adversary 
to  play  on. 

16.  When  only  two  players  are  left,  and  either  of  them 
wishes  to  divide  or  sell,  his  opponent  shall  have  the  first 
right  of  buying,  provided  he  offers  as  much  as  is  offered  by 
any  of  the  others  who  are  entitled  (by  having  been  in  the 
original  pool)  to  purchase.  But  should  he  not  offer  as 
much,  then  the  ball  may  be  sold  to  the  highest  duly-qualified 
bidder. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


69 


17.  If  a  player,  playing  on  the  lead,  places  his  ball  outside 
of  the  string,  and  has  his  attention  called  to  the  fact  by  the 
leader  before  the  time  of  striking  his  ball,  it  is  optional  with 
the  leader  either  to  compel  him  to  play  the  stroke  over  again, 
or  let  the  balls  remain  as  they  are. 

18.  If  it  be  found  that  the  marker  has  not  thrown  out  balls 
enough  for  the  number  of  players  at  the  commencement  of 
the  game,  his  mistake  will  not  alter  the  conditions  of  the  pool. 
The  balls  must  be  again  shaken  up  and  thrown  over,  and  then 
the  game  commences. 

With  the  foregoing  exceptions,  the  rules  of  the  American 
Four-ball  Game  may  be  applied  to  Two-ball  Pool. 


FORTY-ONE  POOL. 

Forty-one  Pool  is  played  with  a  regular  Fifteen-ball  Pool 
set  of  balls,  the  object  of  play  being  to  pocket  a  sufficient 
number  of  the  pool  balls  which  added  to  the  private  small 
ball  shall  score  exactly  41. 

The  Rules. 

1.  The  order  of  playing  is  determined  through  throwing 
out  the  small  numbered  balls  as  in  regular  ball  pool.  The 
balls  which  determine  the  private  ball  of  the  players  are  then 
thrown  out  and  are  generally  numbered  from  6  to  18.  No 
one  other  than  the  player  is  supposed  to  know  the  number 
of  the  private  ball. 

2.  Each  player  plays  in  turn,  one  shot  to  an  inning,  count¬ 
ing  all  the  balls  he  may  get  on  that  shot — the  number  on 
each  ball  being  added  to  the  number  of  his  small  balL 

3.  When  exactly  41  is  made,  the  player  or  game-keeper 
declares  pool,  and  the  player  the  most  distant  from  41  is  de¬ 
feated. 

4.  Pool  is  also  declared  when  all  balls  are  pocketed  from 
the  table.  The  nearest  to  41  is  the  winner  ;  the  most  dis¬ 
tant  is  the  loser. 

5.  A  miss  or  pocketing  the  white  ball  is  a  scratch,  and  the 
player  so  doing  owes  a  ball  to  the  table,  besides  what  he  may 


70 


A  COMPLETE  HAND  BOOK  OF 


have  scored  on  that  shot.  If  he  has  more  than  one  ball  in  his 
rack,  he  can  spot  the  one  he  prefers  ;  if  he  has  none,  spot  the 
first  one  which  he  may  pocket.  Should  he  pocket  more  than 
one  ball  on  his  next  shot  he  can  spot  the  one  he  elects. 

6.  If  a  player  gets  more  than  41,  it  is  a  burst,  and  all  the 
balls  he  has  scored  must  be  spotted  ;  and  the  last  ball  pock¬ 
eted  must  be  placed  nearest  to  and  in  the  rear  of  the  spot, 
etc.  In  such  cases,  the  player  can  have  a  new  small  ball  if  he 
elects. 

7.  In  playing  for  safety,  a  player  must  cause  the  white  ball 
to  go  to  the  cushion  before  or  after  hitting  a  ball ;  failing  to 
do  so,  he  is  penalized  a  scratch. 

8.  A  player  having  no  ball  in  his  rack  is  worse  off  than  one 
with  a  ball,  regardless  of  its  number  or  the  number  of  the 
small  ball  he  may  have,  and  a  player  owing  a  ball  is  still  worse 
off.  A  player  making  a  burst  and  not  declaring  it  must  be 
credited  with  no  ball. 

The  rules  governing  the  American  Four-ball  Game  of  Bill¬ 
iards,  not  conflicting  with  the  above,  govern  this  game  also, 
push  shots  and  frozen  balls  excepted. 


HIGH-LOW-JACK-GAME. 

This  game  is  played  with  a  set  of  balls  the  same  as  used  in 
Fifteen-ball  Pool. 

Any  number  of  persons  may  play,  the  order  of  play  being 
determined  b>  the  rolling  of  the  small  numbered  balls. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


71 


The  fifteen-ball  is  High  ;  the  one-ball  is  Low  ;  the  nine-ball 
is  Jack  ;  and  the  highest  aggregate  is  Game.  Seven  points 
generally  constitute  a  game. 

In  cases  where  players  have  one  and  two  to  go  to  finish 
game,  the  first  balls  holed  count  out  first,  be  they  High,  Low, 
or  Jack. 

In  setting  up  the  pyramid  the  three  counting  balls — High, 
Low,  Jack — are  placed  in  the  centre,  with  High  at  the  head  of 
the  three  named  balls,  the  other  balls  as  in  regular  Fifteen- 
ball  Pool. 

When  players  have  each  one  to  go,  instead  of  setting  up  an 
entire  frame  of  pyramids,  a  ball  is  placed  at  the  foot  of  the 
table,  in  direct  line  with  the  spots,  and  at  a  distance  from  the 
lower  cushion  equal  to  the  diameter  of  another  of  the  pool 
balls.  This  ball  must  be  pocketed  by  banking  it  to  one  or 
more  cushions.  The  player  who  pockets  the  ball  wins  the 
game. 

The  rules  of  the  game  of  Fifteen-ball  Pool  for  the  Cham¬ 
pionship,  not  conflicting  with  any  of  the  foregoing  rules,  gov¬ 
ern  this  game  also. 


72 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


COLOR-BALL  POOL. 


The  White  Ball  is  spotted. 
Red  Ball  plays  upon . . 
Yellow  “ 

Green  “ 

Brown  “ 

Blue  “ 

Pink  cc 

Spot-white  <c 
Spot-red  “ 
Spot-yellow  “ 

Spot -green  “ 
Spot-brown  “ 
Spot-blue  “ 

White  “ 


White. 

Red. 

.  Yellow. 

.Green. 

.  Brown. 

Blue. 

,  Pink. 

.  Spot-white. 

.  Spot-red. 

.  Spot-yellow. 

.  Spot-green. 
.Spot-brown,  and 
.  Spot-blue. 


The  English  balk  semicircle  is  used  in  this  game . 


Rules. 

1.  When  colored  balls  are  used,  the  players  must  play  pro¬ 
gressively,  as  the  colors  are  placed  on  the  pool  marking- 
board,  the  top  color  being  No.  1. 

2.  Each  player  has  three  lives  at  starting.  No.  1  places  his 
ball  on  the  “  winning  and  losing  ”  spot,  No.  2  plays  at  No.  1, 
No.  3  at  No.  2,  and  so  on — each  person  playing  at  the  last 
ball,  unless  the  striker’s  ball  be  in  hand,  when  he  plays  at  the 
nearest  ball. 

3.  When  a  striker  loses  a  life  the  next  in  rotation  plays  at 
the  ball  nearest  to  his  own  ;  but  if  this  player’s  ball  be  in 
band,  he  plays  at  the  ball  nearest  to  the  centre  of  the  balk¬ 
line,  whether  it  be  in  or  out  of  balk. 

4.  When  any  doubt  arises  as  to  the  nearest  ball,  the  mark¬ 
er  measures  the  distance,  and  the  player  strikes  at  the  ball 
declared  to  be  nearest  his  own. 

5.  The  balk  is  no  protection. 

6.  The  player  loses  a  life  by  pocketing  his  own  ball  off  an¬ 
other,  by  running  a  coup,  by  missing  the  ball  played  on,  by 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


73 


forcing  Iris  ball  off  the  table,  by  playing  with  the  wrong  ball, 
by  playing  at  the  wrong  ball,  by  playing  out  of  his  turn,  by 
striking  the  wrong  ball,  or  by  having  his  ball  pocketed  by  the 
next  striker. 

7.  Should  the  striker  pocket  the  ball  he  plays  at,  and  by 
the  same  stroke  pocket  his  own  or  force  it  over  the  table,  he 
loses  a  life  and  not  the  person  whose  ball  he  pocketed. 

8.  Should  the  player  strike  the  wrong  ball,  he  pays  the 
same  forfeit  to  the  person  whose  ball  he  should  have  played* 
at  as  he  would  have  done  if  he  had  pocketed  himself. 

9.  If  the  striker  miss  the  ball  he  ought  to  play  at,  and  by 
the  same  stroke  pocket  another  ball,  he  loses  a  life,  and  not 
the  person  whose  ball  he  pocketed  ;  in  which  case  the  striker’s 
ball  must  be  taken  up,  and  both  balls  remain  in  hand  until  it 
be  their  several  turns  to  play. 

10.  If  the  player  inquire  as  to  which  is  his  ball,  or  if  it  be 
his  turn  to  play,  the  marker  or  the  players  must  give  him  the 
information  sought. 

11.  If  the  striker,  while  taking  aim,  inquire  which  is  the 
ball  he  ought  to  play  at,  and  should  be  misinformed  by  the 
marker  or  by  any  of  the  company,  he  does  not  lose  a  life.  His 
ball  must  in  this  case  be  replaced  and  the  stroke  played 
again. 

12.  When  a  ball  or  balls  touch  the  striker’s  ball,  or  are  in 
line  between  it  and  the  ball  he  has  to  play  at,  so  that  it  will 
prevent  him  hitting  any  part  of  the  object-ball ,  such  ball  or 
balls  must  be  taken  up  until  the  stroke  be  played,  and,  after 
the  balls  have  ceased  running,  they  must  be  replaced. 

13.  If  a  ball  or  balls  are  in  the  way  of  a  striker’s  cue,  so 
that  he  cannot  play  at  his  ball,  he  can  have  them  taken  up. 

14.  When  the  striker  takes  a  life,  he  continues  to  play  on 
as  long  as  he  can  pocket  a  ball,  or  until  the  balls  are  all  off 
the  table,  in  which  latter  case  he  places  his  own  ball  on  the 
spot  as  at  the  commencement. 

15.  The  first  player  who  loses  his  three  lives  is  entitled 
to  purchase,  or  star,  by  paying  into  the  pool  a  sum  equal  to 
his  original  stake,  for  which  he  receives  lives  equal  in  number 
to  the  lowest  number  of  lives  on  the  board. 

16.  If  the  player  first  out  refuse  to  star,  the  second  player 
out  may  do  so  ;  but  if  the  second  refuse,  the  third  may  star,  and 


71  A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 

so  on,  until  only  two  players  are  left  in  the  pool,  when  the 
privilege  of  starring  ceases. 

17.  Only  one  star  is  allowed  in  a  pool. 

18.  If  the  striker  move  his  own  or  any  other  ball  while  in 
the  act  of  striking ,  the  stroke  is  foul  ;  and  if,  by  the  same 
stroke,  he  pocket  a  ball  or  force  it  off  the  table,  the  owner  of 
that  ball  does  not  lose  a  life,  and  the  ball  so  pocketed  must  be 
placed  on  its  original  spot.  But  if  by  that  foul  stroke  the 
player  pocket  his  own  ball  or  force  it  off  the  table,  he  loses 
a  life. 

19.  If  the  striker’s  ball  touch  the  one  he  has  to  play  at,  he 
is  at  liberty  either  to  play  at  it  or  any  other  ball  on  the  table, 
and  such  stroke  is  not  to  be  considered  foul ;  in  such  a  case, 
however,  the  striker  loses  a  life  by  running  his  ball  into  a 
pocket  or  forcing  it  over  the  table. 

20.  If,  after  making  a  hazard,  the  striker  takes  up  his 
ball,  or  stops  it  before  it  has  done  running,  he  cannot  claim 
the  life  for  the  ball  pocketed. 

21.  If,  before  a  star,  two  or  more  balls,  each  having  one 
life,  are  pocketed  by  the  same  stroke,  the  owner  of  the  first 
ball  struck  can  star  ;  but  if  he  refuse,  the  other  player  whose 
ball  was  pocketed  may  star. 

22.  Should  the  striker’s  ball  stop  on  the  place  from  which 
a  ball  has  been  taken  up,  the  ball  which  has  been  removed 
must  remain  in  hand  until  the  spot  is  unoccupied,  when  it  is 
to  be  replaced. 

23.  Should  the  striker’s  ball  miss  the  ball  played  at,  no 
person  except  the  striker  is  allowed  to  stop  the  ball  till  it  has 
ceased  running  or  struck  another  ball. 

24.  Should  the  striker  have  his  next  player’s  ball  removed, 
and  his  own  ball  stop  on  the  spot  it  occupied,  the  next  player 
must  give  a  miss  from  balk,  for  which  miss  he  does  not  lose 
a  life. 

25.  When  a  ball  has  been  taken  up,  and  any  other  than 
the  next  player’s  ball  stop  on  the  spot  it  occupied,  the  ball  so 
taken  up  must  remain  in  hand  till  it  can  be  replaced.  But 
if  it  be  the  turn  of  the  ball  in  hand  to  play  before  the  one  oc¬ 
cupying  its  proper  place,  the  latter  must  be  taken  up  till 
there  be  room  to  replace  it. 

26.  If  the  corner  of  the  cushion  should  prevent  the  striker 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


75 


from  playing  in  a  direct  line,  he  can  have  any  ball  removed 
for  the  purpose  of  playing  at  the  object-ball  from  a  cushion. 

27.  When  three  players,  each  with  one  life,  remain  in  a 
pool,  and  the  striker  make  a  miss,  the  other  two  divide  with¬ 
out  a  stroke. 

1  28.  Neither  of  the  last  two  players  can  star,  but  if  they  are 

left  with  an  equal  number  of  lives  each  they  may  divide  the 
pool ;  the  striker,  however,  is  entitled  to  his  stroke  before 
the  division. 

29.  All  disputes  are  to  be  decided  by  the  marker  ;  but  if 
he  be  interested  in  the  game,  they  shall  then  be  settled  by  a 
majority  of  the  players. 

In  public  rooms  the  charge  for  the  table  is  deducted  from 
each  pool. 


SKITTLE  POOL. 

Directions  for  Placing  the  Spots  on  the  Table . 


In  placing  the  spots  on  a  5  x  10  table  first  measure  three 
and  a  half  inches  from  the  edge  of  the  cushion  on  both  sides  of 
the  table,  at  the  head  and  foot,  then  take  a  chalked  cord,  which, 
by  holding  tight  from  points  thus  measured  and  snapping, 


76 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


will  give  a  perfectly  straight  line.  Then  divide  these  lines  into 
four  equal  parts  from  the  straight  line  to  the  edge  of  the 
cushion  at  the  foot,  which  will  make  the  distance  between  the 
pins  twenty-one  inches.  The  white  pin(six)  is  three  inches 
from  the  dark-red  spot,  and  the  black  pin  one  and  three-quarters 
inch  from  that.  The  black  pin  on  the  right  is  one  and  three- 
quarters  inch  from  the  white  (eight).  The  white  (ten)  and 
black  pins  on  the  string-line  are  seven  inches  from  the  spot. 
The  spots  marked  with  circles  in  diagram  are  for  the  white 
and  spot  balls. 

N.  -B. — Be  particular  to  measure  from  centre  to  centre  of 
spots  and  not  from  the  outside. 

On  a  x  9  table  the  pins  are  placeed  in  the  same  position, 
excepting  the  distance  between  the  pins  on  right  and  left 
side  is  eighteen  and  three-quarter  inches,  and  the  distance 
between  white  (ten)  and  black  pin  from  the  spot  is  six 
inches. 

In  putting  on  the  spots  hammer  lightly. 

In  the  diagram  the  crosses  represent  the  position  of  the 
black  pins. 


Rules. 

1.  The  game  is  played  with  ten  white  pins  and  three  black 
pins. 

2.  Three  balls  are  used,  two  white  and  one  red. 

3.  Any  number  of  persons  can  play,  and  the  rotation  is 
decided  as  in  ordinary  ball  pool. 

»  4.  The  game  is  fifty  points  or  more. 

5.  Each  white  pin  knocked  down  by  any  ball  which  has 
struck  another  ball  first  counts  a  certain  number,  from  three 
to  ten.  (The  value  of  the  various  pins  is  shown  in  diagram.) 

6.  The  red  ball  is  spotted  at  the  foot  of  the  table  adjoining 
white  pin  (six). 

7.  The  first  player  is  bound  to  play  at  the  red  ball  with  the 
spot  ball,  which  is  always  spotted  on  the  right-hand  side. 

8.  The  second  player  is  bound  to  play  with  the  white  ball, 
which  is  always  spotted  on  the  left-hand  side,  but  he  may 
play  at  any  ball. 

9.  If  the  white  ball  has  been  displaced  from  its  spot  by 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL.  77 

the  first  player,  then  the  second  player  may  play  with  any 
ball. 

10.  When  the  red  ball  is  on  its  spot  no  player  may  play 
with  it  but  only  at  it. 

11.  At  other  time  players  may  play  with  either  of  the  three 
balls. 

12.  If  a  player  knocks  down  a  black  pin  the  whole  of  his 
score  is  rubbed  out,  and  he  must  either  retire  from  the  game 
or  pay  a  certain  amount  to  the  pool  (to  be  fixed  before  play  is 
commenced)  for  the  privilege  of  continuing.  This  is  then 
called  bursting. 

13.  If  the  first  player  knocks  down  a  black  pin  at  his  first 
stroke  it  does  not  count  against  him,  but  he  cannot,  in  that 
case,  score  anything  from  the  white  pins  he  may  knock  down. 

14.  If  during  play  any  ball  stops  on  the  spot  which  should 
be  occupied  by  a  pin  the  ball  must  be  replaced  on  the  spot  it 
originally  occupied  when  play  commenced. 

15.  A  player  may  give  two  consecutive  misses,  but  no 
more,  if  he  gives  a  miss  a  third  time  it  must  be  considered  a 
burst. 

16.  No  player  can  have  more  than  one  stroke  in  succes¬ 
sion. 

17.  Pins  knocked  down  must  be  replaced  before  the  next 
player  strikes.  A  pin  is  considered  “  down  ”  if  it  is  entirely 
off  its  spot,  or  is  leaning  against  a  ball,  cushion,  or  another 
pin. 

18.  Playing  out  of  turn  subjects  the  player  to  a  loss  of  the 
points  so  made. 

19.  Should  the  three  balls  be  so  covered  by  the  pins  as  to 
prevent  their  being  played  at,  the  red  can  be  spotted  after 
one  miss  is  given. 

20.  Pushing  the  cue-ball  is  foul,  knocking  down  a  white 
pin  before  touching  a  ball  is  foul,  and  playing  when  the  pins 
are  not  in  position  is  foul.  The  rules  as  to  foul  shots  in  the 
Three-ball  Game  govern  this  game  also. 


78 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


KELLY  POOL. 

1.  The  game  of  Kelly  Pool  is  played  with  fifteen  numbered 
balls,  and  one  white  ball  not  numbered.  The  latter  is  the 
cue-ball,  and  the  player  plays  with  it  from  within  the  string 
at  the  head  of  the  table,  at  the  opening  of  the  game,  at  any  of 
the  numbered  balls,  and  afterward  as  he  finds  them  on  the 
table,  but  he  must  break  or  burst  the  pyramid  on  the  first 
shot. 

2.  When  the  pyramid  is  arranged  ready  for  the  commence¬ 
ment,  the  marker  or  attendant  throws  each  player  two  small 
numbered  balls  from  a  shake  bottle.  The  first  one  indicates 
the  rotation  of  the  player  while  playing,  and  the  second  one 
the  number  of  points  in  the  game,  to  which  he  has  to  add  un¬ 
til  he  secures  thirty-one,  which  is  game.  Thus,  if  the  second 
small  ball  received  by  a  player  is  marked  No.  9,  he  must  gain 
twenty-two  points  from  the  balls  on  the  table  to  secure  the 
necessary  number  for  game.  Whoever  first  obtains  an  aggre¬ 
gate  of  thirty-one  wins  the  game,  and  whatever  stakes  may 
be  involved.  The  second  small  ball  received  by  each  player 
must  be  placed  in  a  cup  or  receptacle  as  in  pin-pool. 

3.  If  a  player  holds  balls  whose  aggregate  number,  when 
added  to  the  number  on  the  small  ball  which  he  drew,  ex¬ 
ceeds  a  total  of  thirty-one,  he  is  then  “  burst  ”  and  must  drop 
out  of  the  game,  unless  a  “  privilege  ”  is  claimed.  If  this 
claim  is  made  it  must  be  before  another  stroke  is  made,  as 
otherwise  he  can  only  re-enter  the  game  by  the  consent  of  all 
the  players. 

4.  .Players  having  “  burst  ”  can  claim  a  “  privilege  ”  as  often 
as  they  “  burst,”  and  when  “  privilege  ”  is  granted,  the  player 
draws  a  new  small  ball  from  the  marker,  and  has  then  the 
option  either  of  keeping  that  which  he  originally  drew,  or 
accepting  the  new  one  then  drawn  ;  but  one  or  the  other  he 
must  return,  or  else  he  cannot,  under  any  circumstances,  be 
entitled  to  the  pool. 

5.  When  a  player  “  bursts  ”  and  a  “  privilege  ”  is  taken,  the 
player  so  “ bursting”  retains  his  original  number  in  the 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


79 


order  of  its  play.  Thus,  if  there  are  ten  players,  and  No.  2 
“bursts/’  he  appears  again  under  privilege  as  No.  2. 

6.  If  a  player  makes  a  scratch,  and  in  doing  so  the  object 
or  any  other  ball  other  than  the  cue  ball  goes  into  a  pocket, 
he  shall  forfeit  three  points  from  his  score.  The  ball  so  holed 
must  be  spotted  back  of  the  pyramid,  if  that  still  remains 
partially  intact,  or  upon  the  spot,  if  the  balls  are  scattered,  or 
immediately  following  any  ball  that  may  be  upon  the  spot  at 
the  time. 

7.  If  a  player  has  made  thirty-one  he  must  proclaim  it  be¬ 
fore  the  next  stroke  is  made  ;  for  which  purpose  a  reasonable 
delay  must  be  allowed  for  calculation  between  each  play, 
more  especially  in  the  latter  portion  of  the  game.  But  if  a 
player  has  made  thirty-one,  and  fails  to  announce  it  before 
next  play  (a  reasonable  time  having  passed),  then  he  cannot 
proclaim  the  fact  until  the  rotation  of  play  again  comes 
round  to  him.  In  the  meanwhile,  if  any  other  player  makes 
the  number  and  proclaims  it  properly,  he  is  entitled  to  the 
pool,  wholly  irrespective  of  the  fact  that  the  number  was 
made,  though  not  proclaimed,  before. 

8.  A  player  cannot  use  any  count  he  may  have  made  by 
playing  out  of  his  turn  ;  but  if  he  has  made  balls  enough  to 
“  burst  ”  him  by  such  stroke,  the  loss  is  established,  unless  in 
cases  where  he  wTas  called  on  to  play  by  some  other  of  the 
players,  or  the  marker,  who  either  believed  or  pretended  it 
was  his  turn.  In  such  case  he  cannot  be  “burst”  by  his 
stroke,  and  he  whose  turn  it  was  to  play,  plays  next  in  order. 

9.  A  player  taking  a  “  privilege  ”  is  entitled  to  a  stroke  to 
secure  his  stake  to  the  pool. 

10.  It  is  the  duty  of  each  player  to  see  that  he  is  credited 
with  the  proper  number  of  points  by  the  marker  after  each 
stroke,  and  no  claim  can  be  allowed  after  a  succeeding  stroke 
has  been  made  without  the  consent  of  all  the  pla}Ters. 

11.  The  game-keeper  shall  collect  the  pool  and  make  up 
the  game,  deal  out  the  small  balls  to  the  players,  see  that  the 
balls  are  placed  properly  in  position,  and  that  there  are  no 
more  small  balls  out  than  there  are  players  in  the  pool,  and  if 
any  ball  or  balls  are  missing,  to  proclaim  the  number  or  num¬ 
bers  to  the  players,  as  the  pool  cannot  be  won  by  such  balls  ; 
call  out  each  number  in  its  turn  to  the  players,  and  proclaim, 


80 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


loud  enough  for  him  to  hear  it,  the  number  the  player  already 
counts  from  balls  holed. 

12.  No  person  is  considered  in  the  game  unless  his  pool  be 
paid  in. 

13.  A  ball  whose  centre  is  on  the  string-line  must  be  re¬ 
garded  as  within  the  line. 

14.  If  the  player  pocket  one  or  more  of  the  object-balls, 
and  his  own  ball  goes  into  a  pocket,  or  off  the  table  from  the 
stroke,  he  cannot  score  for  the  numbered  balls,  which  must 
be  placed  on  the  spot  known  as  the  deep-red  spot,  or,  if  it  be 
occupied,  as  nearly  below  it  as  possible  on  a  line  with  that 
spot,  the  highest  numbered  balls  being  placed  the  nearest 
and  he  forfeits  three  for  pocketing  his  own  ball,  or  driving  it 
off  the  table,  or  missing  all  balls. 

15.  A  ball  going  into  a  pocket  and  rebounding  again  upon 
the  table  is  to  be  regarded  in  the  same  light  as  if  it  had 
struck  the  cushion,  and  is  not  to  be  counted  as  a  pocketed 
ball. 

16.  The  rules  governing  championship  fifteen -ball-pool  and 
pin-pool,  when  they  do  not  conflict  with  the  foregoing  rules, 
will  govern  all  other  points  that  may  arise  in  the  game. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


81 


BOTTLE  POOL. 

The  game  of  Bottle  Pool  is  played  on  a  pool  table  with  one 
white  ball,  the  1  and  2  ball,  and  pool-bottle.  The  1  and  2 
balls  must  be  spotted,  respectively,  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  at 
the  left  and  right  diamond  nearest  each  pocket,  and  the  pool- 
bottle  is  placed  standing  on  its  neck  on  the  spot  in  the  centre 
of  the  table,  and  when  it  falls  it  must  be  set  up,  if  possible* 
where  it  rests. 

Counting. 

Carrom  on  the  two  object-balls  counts  1  point ;  Pocketing  the 
1  ball  counts  1  point ;  Pocketing  the  2  ball  counts  2  points ; 
Carrom  from  ball  and  upsetting  bottle  counts  5  points. 

Bules. 

1.  Any  number  of  persons  can  play,  and  the  rotation  of  the 
players  is  decided  as  in  ordinary  pool. 

2.  The  game  consists  of  31  points. 

3.  Player  No.  1  must  play  with  the  white  ball  from  any 
point  within  the  string  at  the  head  of  the  table,  at  either  the 
1  or  2  ball  at  his  option. 

4.  The  player  having  the  least  number  of  points  at  the 
finish  of  the  game  shall  be  adjudged  the  loser. 

5.  The  player  who  leads  must  play  at  and  strike  one  of  the 
object-balls  before  he  can  score  a  carrom  on  the  pool-bottle. 

6.  A  player  who  makes  more  than  31  points  is  burst,  and 
must  start  his  string  anew  ;  all  that  he  makes  in  excess  of  31 
points  count  on  his  new  string,  and  the  next  player  plays. 

7.  If  a  player  carrom  on  the  bottle  from  either  of  the  ob¬ 
ject-balls,  in  such  a  way  as  to  seat  the  bottle  on  its  base,  he 
wins  the  game,  without  further  play. 

8.  Should  the  1  or  2  ball  in  any  way,  during  the  stroke, 
touch  the  bottle  and  the  bottle  is  in  the  same  play  knocked 
over  or  stood  on  its  base  by  the  cue-ball,  the  stroke  does  not 
count. 

9.  If  the  player  forces  the  bottle  off  the  table  or  into  a 
pocket,  the  bottle  must  be  spotted  on  its  proper  spot  in  the 
centre  of  the  table,  the  player  loses  his  shot  and  forfeits  one 
point,  and  the  next  player  plays. 


82 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


10.  The  player  must  play  with  the  tip  or  point  of  his 
cue. 

11.  After  a  ball  has  been  pocketed,  if  it  be  the  1  ball  it 
must  be  spotted  on  the  red-ball  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table  ; 
if  that  be  occupied  the  ball  shall  then  be  spotted  at  the  1-ball 
spot  at  the  diamond  ;  if  that  be  occupied  it  shall  be  spotted 
at  the  2-ball  diamond. 

12.  The  player  making  a  foul  stroke  shall  lose  his  shot,  and 
shall  also  forfeit  one  point,  which  must  be  deducted  from  his 
string. 

(1)  A  foul  stroke  shall  be  when  the  player  misses  both  ob¬ 
ject-balls.  (2)  When  the  player  misses  both  balls,  and  knocks 
down  the  bottle.  (3)  When  the  player  knocks  down  the 
bottle  with  the  object-ball,  his  cue,  his  hand,  or  with  his  cloth¬ 
ing.  (4)  When  the  cue-ball  is  forced  off  the  table  or  into  a 
pocket.  (5)  When  the  bottle  is  forced  off  the  table  or  into  a 
pocket.  (6)  W7hen  the  player  knocks  down  the  bottle  with 
the  cue-ball  before  coming  in  contact  with  an  object-ball. 
(7)  If  the  player  has  not  at  least  one  foot  touching  the  floor. 

13.  Whenever  the  bottle  is  knocked  over  and  cannot  be 
spotted  on  its  neck  without  coming  in  contact  with  an  object- 
ball,  it  shall  then  be  spotted  on  its  proper  spot ;  if  that  be 
occupied  it  shall  then  be  spotted  on  the  red-ball  spot ;  if  that 
be  occupied,  on  the  white-ball  spot. 

14.  When  a  player  in  playing  knocks  the  bottle  off  the  table  or 
onto  a  cushion  with  one  of  the  object-balls,  the  player  does  not 
forfeit  a  point,  but  forfeits  his  shot  and  the  next  player  plays. 

15.  Whenever  the  bottle-spot  is  occupied  by  an  object-ball, 
the  bottle  shall  be  spotted  on  the  red-ball  spot ;  if  that  be  oc 
cupied,  on  the  white-ball  spot. 

16.  If  a  player  has  made  thirty-one  points  he  must  proclaim 
it  before  the  next  stroke  is  made,  for  which  purpose  a  reason¬ 
able  delay  must  be  allowed  for  calculation,  especially  in  the 
latter  portion  of  the  game  ;  but  if  a  player  has  made  thirty- 
one  points  and  fails  to  announce  it  before  the  next  play,  he 
then  cannot  proclaim  the  fact  until  the  rotation  of  play  again 
comes  round  to  him  ;  in  the  meanwhile,  if  any  other  player 
makes  thirty-one  points  and  proclaims  it  properly,  he  is 
entitled  to  the  pool,  wholly  irrespective  of  the  fact  that  the 
number  was  made,  though  not  proclaimed  before. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


83 


When  played  on  a  carrom  table  a  white  cue-ball  and  two  red 
balls  are  commonly  used,  and  except  as  to  balls  pocketed  the 
counts  and  rules  are  the  same  as  when  played  on  a  pocket 
table. 


PIN  POOL. 

The  table  for  the  "game  of  Pin  Pool  is  provided  with  two 
white  balls  and  one  red  ball,  and  five  wooden  pins  set  in  dia¬ 
mond  shape,  these  pins  having  a  value  according  to  the  spots 
they  occupy.  The  pin  spots  on  the  table  are  shown  in  the 
following  diagram : 

4* 

3*  5*  2* 

r 

V 

The  centre,  or  5  pin,  is  black,  and  the  other  pins  of  light, 
natural  wood.  Numbers  for  the  outside  pins  should  be  chalk¬ 
ed  on  the  cloth.  The  red  ball  occupies  its  natural  spot  as  in 
the  three-ball  game,  and  the  second  white  ball  occupies  a 
spot,  called  the  pin  pool  spot,  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  3  inches 
from  the  centre  diamond  on  the  end  rail.  The  pin  spots  are 
placed  a  sufficient  distance  apart  so  that  a  ball  may  pass  be¬ 
tween  without  touching  the  pins.  After  the  order  of  play  has 
been  determined,  as  in  Fifteen-ball  Pool,  each  player  receives 
a  small  numbered  ball,  the  number  on  which  should  be 
known  only  to  himself.  Pool  consists  in  knocking  down  pins  of 
a  value  which,  when  added  to  the  number  on  the  concealed  ball, 
makes  a  total  of  31.  For  example,  a  player  drawing  the  16 
ball  needs  15  for  pool.  The  player  first  getting  and  proclaim¬ 
ing  31  wins  the  pool. 

1.  Carroms  from  ball  to  ball  count  nothing.  For  a  clean 
miss  or  a  ball  jumped  off  the  table  there  is  no  forfeit  other 


84 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


than  the  stroke  itself.  In  such  case  the  ball  is  placed  on  the 
pin-pool  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  or,  if  this  spot  be  oc¬ 
cupied,  then  on  the  nearest  unoccupied  spot. 

2.  The  player  leading  off  plays  from  any  point  within  the 
string,  and  may  play  upon  either  red  or  white  ball,  or,  in  lieu 
of  any  other  stroke  he  may  place  the  cue-ball  upon  the  string 
spot. 


Counting  Strokes. 

3.  Succeeding  players  may  play  with  and  upon  either  ball. 
A  counting  stroke  is  made  either  by  the  cue  ball  carroming 
from  an  object-ball  on  the  pins,  or  by  the  driving  of  an  object- 
ball  into  the  pins. 

4.  Pins  knocked  down  (except  as  provided  in  rule  3)  do 
not  count;  the  pins  are  replaced,  and  the  player’s  ball  is 
placed  on  the  pin-pool  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  or,  if  this 
spot  be  occupied,  then  upon  the  nearest  unoccupied  spot. 
Provided,  that  when  balls  are  in  contact,  (“frozen”)  the  player 
may  play  with  either  ball  so  touching,  and  play  direct  at  the 
pins,  and  any  count  so  made  is  good. 


Natural,  or  Ranche. 

5.  When  on  one  stroke,  by  the  aid  of  the  cue  ball  or  object- 
balls,  the  four  outside  pins  are  knocked  down  and  the  centre 
pin  is  left  standing,  it  is  called  a  Natural,  or  Ranche,  and  the 
player  making  the  stroke  wins  the  pool  regardless  of  the 
count  previously  to  his  credit. 


Conditions  as  to  Bursts. 

6.  When  a  player  has  knocked  down  pins  which,  added  to 
his  numbered  ball,  exceed  31  (except  as  provided  in  rule  5)  he 
is  “burst,”  and  his  score  is  reduced  to  the  number  on  his  ball. 
If  pool  is  not  made  before  his  turn  to  play  comes  again,  he 
may,  upon  compliance  with  conditions  agreed  upon  prior  to 
the  beginning  of  the  game,  exercise  the  privilege  of  drawing 
another  ball,  retaining  his  first  ball  until  his  choice  is  made 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


85 


between  the  two  ;  but  the  ball  discarded  he  must  return  to  the 
game-keeper  before  making  another  shot,  as  in  case  of  retain¬ 
ing  more  than  one  ball  he  cannot  win  a  pool.  A  player  who 
bursts  and  re-enters  as  above  described  retains  his  original 
place  in  the  order  of  playing. 

7.  Should  one  or  more  of  the  pin  spots  be  occupied  by  any 
one  of  the  balls,  the  pin  must  remain  off  the  table  until  the 
spot  is  again  uncovered. 

Pool  Must  Be  Proclaimed. 

8.  When  pool  (31)  has  been  made,  it  must  be  proclaimed 
before  the  next  player’s  stroke  is  made,  and  after  each  shot 
reasonable  time  shall  be  allowed  for  calculation  ;  but  if  a 
player,  having  made  31,  fails  to  announce  it  before  the  next 
stroke  is  made,  he  cannot  claim  pool  until  his  turn  to  play 
comes  again,  and  if  in  the  meantime  pool  is  made  and 
properly  proclaimed,  the  player  so  making  and  proclaiming 
it  is  entitled  to  the  pool,  regardless  of  the  fact  that  pool  has 
been  previously  made  and  not  proclaimed. 

9.  A  pin  shall  not  be  counted  unless  (1)  it  has  been  knocked 
flown,  or  (2)  removed  entirely  clear  of  the  spot  on  which  it 
stood,  though  remaining  perpendicular.  In  any  other  case 
the  pin  must  be  replaced  on  its  spot. 


Playing  Out  of  Turn. 

10.  A  count  is  void  if  made  by  a  player  playing  out  of  his 
turn,  but  may  be  scored  against  the  player  if  he  thereby  bursts, 
except  that,  in  case  he  was  called  upon  to  play  by  some  one  of 
the  players  or  by  the  marker,  he  cannot  be  burst  by  the  stroke, 
and  is  entitled  to  play  when  his  turn  comes. 

11.  Pins  do  not  count  if  knocked  down  by  a  ball  whose 
course  has  been  illegitimately  interfered  with,  nor  if  knocked 
down  by  any  other  ball  set  in  motion  by  the  same  play.  Pins 
knocked  down  by  a  ball  set  in  motion  by  a  stroke  on  which 
another  ball  jumps  off  the  table  must  be  reckoned.  Should 
the  striker  intentionally  interfere  with  any  ball  after  it  is  in 
motion,  he  shall  be  burst,  regardless  of  his  count. 


86 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


Correction  of  the  Score. 

12.  The  player  must  see  to  it  that  he  is  credited  by  the 
marker  with  pins  made  after  each  stroke,  and,  unless  by  con¬ 
sent  of  all  the  players,  no  correction  of  the  score  shall  be 
made  after  a  succeeding  stroke  has  intervened. 

13.  Unless  his  ball  be  deposited  in  its  proper  place  in  the 
board,  a  player  shall  not  be  entitled  to  pins  knocked  down 
by  him. 

14.  A  player  must  look  after  his  own  interests,  and  if  he 
plays  before  one  or  more  of  the  pins  be  spotted,  the  stroke  is 
void  and  his  hand  is  out. 

15.  Should  one  or  more  of  the  small  balls  be  missing,  the 
game-keeper  shall  announce  the  fact,  and  pool  cannot  be  won 
on  a  missing  ball. 

16.  Pins  do  not  count  if  knocked  down  by  a  ball  in  any 
manner  interfered  with,  or  as  the  result  of  any  unfair  or 
irregular  stroke  or  action  on  the  part  of  the  player,  except  as 
provided  in  rule  11. 

17.  Pins  do  not  count  if  knocked  down  by  a  player  in  the 
act  of  striking  or  otherwise  than  by  the  ball  played  with  or  at; 
in  such  case  the  stroke  is  forfeited  and  no  pins  are  counted. 

18.  All  points  not  herein  provided  for  are  to  be  referred  to 
the  game-keeper,  whose  decision  shall  be  final. 


RED,  WHITE,  AND  BLUE. 

The  game  of  Red,  White,  and  Blue  is  played  on  an  ordi¬ 
nary  carrom  billiard-table  with  three  balls,  colored  respect¬ 
ively  red,  white,  and  blue,  and  three  pins  of  corresponding 
colors.  The  red  pin  is  placed  upon  the  red-ball  spot  at  the 
foot  of  the  table,  the  white  pin  upon  the  centre  spot,  and  the 
blue  pin  upon  the  white-ball  spot.  Looking  from  the  head 
of  the  table  toward  its  foot,  or  lower  end,  the  red  ball,  at  the 
opening  of  the  game,  is  placed  against  the  cushion  at  the 
foot  of  the  table  and  immediately  opposite  the  right  hand 
diamond  sight ;  the  blue  ball  is  placed  against  the  same  cush- 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


87 


ion  opposite  the  left  hand  diamond  sight.  The  white  cue- 
ball  is  in  hand.  The  object  of  the  game  is  to  knock  down 
each  pin  with  a  ball  of  corresponding  color,  and  the  rotation 
in  which  the  pins  must  fall  is  red,  white,  and  blue.  Carroms 
do  not  count.  The  white  cue-ball  is  played,  in  opening  the 
game,  from  any  position  within  the  six-inch  semicircle  at  the 
head  of  the  table,  and  at  the  reel  ball,  which  ball  must  knock 
down  the  red  pin  on  that  stroke  in  order  to  effect  a  count. 
The  following  rules  are  to  be  observed  in  playing  the  game  : 

1.  The  order  of  precedence  is  determined,  for  the  first 
game,  by  banking  or  otherwise,  and  the  winner  of  each  game 
must  play  first  in  the  succeeding  game,  the  other  players  re¬ 
taining  their  same  relative  positions.  Each  player  continues 
his  inning  until  he  fails  to  score,  and  the  game  is  at  an  end 
when  the  three  pins  have  been  scored  in  their  routine  of 
color. 

2.  After  the  opening  stroke  each  player,  in  his  turn,  can 
play  with  any  ball,  and  can  either  carrom  on  a  pin,  through 
using  the  ball  of  the  color  of  the  pin  for  his  cue-ball,  or  can 
drive  the  proper  colored  ball  against  that  pin  with  another 
ball. 

3.  It  is  a  burst  if  a  pin  is  knocked  down  out  of  its  rou¬ 
tine  of  color,  or  with  a  ball  other  than  one  of  its  own  color. 
In  either  case  the  striker  loses  what  pins  he  may  have 
previously  scored,  and  when,  his  turn  again  comes  to 
play,  he  must  begin  at  the  red  pin  as  at  the  opening  of 
the  game. 

4.  A  double  or  triple  shot,  i.e.,  where  two  or  three 
pins  are  knocked  down,  can  be  scored  when  each  pin 
is  knocked  down  with  the  ball  of  its  own  color.  Should 
the  red  and  the  white  pins  be  made  on  such  a  stroke, 
it  would  only  be  necessary  to  obtain  the  blue  pin  to  win 
the  game ;  but  the  white  and  blue  pins  could  not  be 
scored  unless  the  red  had  first  been  knocked  down.  In  a 
handicap  game,  where  one  player  plays  more  than  the 
three  regular  pins,  that  player  may  score  a  double  or 
triple  shot  on  any  two  or  three  pins  which  he  may  need, 
providing  either  the  one  or  both  which  fall,  as  the  case 
may  be,  are  next  in  order  of  color  to  the  one  which  he  last 
scored. 


68  A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 

5.  It  is  a  foul  and  no  count  can  be  made,  nor  can  a  player 
burst,  when  the  cue-ball  knocks  down  a  pin  before  hitting  an¬ 
other  ball.  In  such  an  event  and  when  no  ball  is  hit  by  the 
cue-ball,  the  latter  must  be  spotted  on  the  pool-spot  at  the 
foot  of  the  table,  and  the  next  player  whose  turn  it  is  plays. 
The  same  rule  applies,  except  that  the  cue-ball  is  not  to  be 
spotted  when  a  pin  is  knocked  down  through  any  fault  of 
the  striker,  with  his  hand,  his  cue,  or  with  anything  else 
while  in  the  act  of  delivering  his  stroke.  Should  one  pin  be 
knocked  down  by  another,  the  shot  is  void,  but  no  count  can 
be  scored,  nor  can  the  striker  be  forced  to  a  burst ;  but  the 
striker  is  deprived  of  his  inning,  and  the  next  player  whose 
turn  it  is  plays. 

6.  Should  a  player  play  out  of  his  turn  the  stroke  is  foul, 
and  the  balls  must  be  replaced  by  the  marker  as  near  as  pos¬ 
sible  to  their’  original  position,  and  the  next  player  whose 
turn  it  is  plays.  But  should  the  striker  have  made  more  than 
one  stroke  without  correction,  he  must  be  permitted  to  con¬ 
tinue  his  inning,  and  his  score  in  that  inning  must  be  reck¬ 
oned  and  must  be  placed  to  his  credit.  Having  had  his  in¬ 
ning  he  cannot  play  again  when  his  regular  turn  comes,  but 
he  must  wait  for  his  regular  turn  to  come  around  the  second 
time. 

7.  The  striker  has  the  right  to  demand  of  the  next  player 
what  pin  he  wants,  but  it  is  not  fair  for  any  other  player  to 
prompt  the  striker,  by  hint  or  otherwise,  as  to  his  mode  of 
play,  or  as  to  the  pin  the  succeeding  player  may  need. 

8.  Push  shots  are  allowed,  and  in  case  of  “  frozen  ”  balls 
the  striker  can  play  with  either  of  the  balls  so  “ frozen”  or 
touching  each  other,  direct  at  the  pin  needed,  and  he  can 
score  any  pin  so  knocked  down  by  a  ball  of  its  own  color. 

9.  The  rules  of  the  Three-ball  Carrom  Game  of  Billiards, 
not  conflicting  with  the  foregoing  rules,  govern  this  game 
also. 

Notes  to  the  Above  Rules. 

Introduced  by  one  of  the  leading  clubs  of  New  York  City ,  and 
adopted  by  all . 

Should  a  ball  occupy  a  spot  which  belongs  to  a  pin,  both 
the  ball  and  pin  must  be  placed  on  their  respective  spots. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


89 


ing  player  must  pay  one  chip  into  the  pool,  and  the  next 
player  whose  turn  it  is  plays. 

Should  one  pin  be  knocked  down  by  another,  the  stroke  is 
void,  no  count  or  burst  can  be  made,  the  offending  player 
must  pay  one  chip  into  the  pool,  and  the  next  player  whose 
turn  it  is  plays. 

Should  a  player  be  detected  in  the  act  of  playing  out  of  his 
turn,  the  shot  is  foul,  and  is  provided  for  in  Rule  6  ;  the 
offending  player  must  pay  one  chip  into  the  pool,  and  the 
next  player  whose  turn  it  is  plays. 

It  is  foul  for  a  player  to  prompt  another  in  any  way  as  to 
his  mode  of  play  or  as  to  the  pin  the  next  player  may  need, 
and  the  offending  player  must  pay  one  chip  into  the  pool. 

It  is  a  burst,  and  the  offending  player  must  pay  a  chip  into 
the  pool,  if  a  pin  is  knocked  down  out  of  its  routine  of  color, 
or  with  a  ball  other  than  one  of  its  own  color.  The  offending 
player  loses  all  the  pins  he  may  have  scored  or  which  have 
been  placed  to  his  credit,  and  when  his  turn  comes  around 
again  to  play  he  must  begin  again  at  the  red,  as  at  the  open¬ 
ing  of  the  game, 

A  double  or  triple  shot,  i.e.,  when  two  or  three  pins  fall, 
can  only  be  scored  where  each  pin,  in  accordance  with  the 
spirit  and  intent  of  the  game  (Red,  White,  and  Blue),  is 
knocked  down  by  a  ball  of  its  own  color. 

All  penalties  must  be  enforced  immediately  on  being  de¬ 
clared  and  previous  to  the  stroke  which  succeeds  that  which 
occasions  the  penalty. 

The  rules  of  Pin  Pool  and  those  of  the  regular  Three-ball 
Game  govern  this  game,  except  where  they  conflict  with  the 
foregoing  rules,  but  the  rules  of  Pin  Pool  take  precedence 
over  the  Three-ball  Game  in  determining  questions  which 
may  arise  during  a  game  of  Red,  White,  and  Blue. 


90 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


BED,  WHITE  AND  BLUE  AS  PLAYED  IN  CHICAGO. 

Still  another  modification  of  the  game,  differing  in  many 
respects  from  the  rules  given  above,  as  played  in  Chicago, 
where  the  game  of  Bed,  White  and  Blue  is  extensively  played, 
is  as  follows : 

The  blue  pin  occupies  the  billiard  spot  at  foot  of  table,  the 
red  pin  a  spot  in  centre  of  table,  and  the  white  pin  the  billiard 
spot  at  head  of  table. 

The  balls  at  opening  of  game  are  spotted,  the  blue  against 
the  cushion  opposite  the  right-hand  diamond  at  foot  of  table, 
and  the  red  against  the  left-hand  diamond.  The  white  ball  is 
in  hand.  The  object  of  the  game  is  to  knock  down  the  pins 
with  the  balls  of  corresponding  color,  and  the  rotation  to  be 
observed  is  blue,  red  and  lastly  white.  The  white  ball  is 
therefore  played,  in  opening  the  game,  from  any  position  in 
the  string,  against  the  blue  ball,  which  must  knock  down  the 
blue  pin. 

The  following  are  the  rules  to  be  observed : 

1.  The  order  of  precedence  is  determined  for  the  first  game 
by  banking  or  otherwise,  and  the  winner  of  that  game  will 
play  first  in  the  next,  the  others  retaining  their  same  relative 
positions.  The  striker  continues  his  inning  until  he  fails  to 
score. 

2.  The  player  can,  after  the  opening  shot,  play  with  any 
ball,  and  can  either  carrom  on  to  the  pin  or  drive  the  proper 
ball  against  it  with  another  ball,  as  in  pin  pool. 

3.  It  is  a  “burst”  if  any  pin  is  knocked  down  out  of  its 
proper  order  (except  in  case  of  a  double  shot,  as  per  rule  4),  or 
with  the  wrong  ball,  or  when  it  has  been  already  obtained. 
In  such  a  case  the  player  loses  all  pins  made,  and  must  begin 
again  at  the  blue  when  his  turn  next  comes. 

4.  A  double  or  triple  shot  can  be  scored  when  each  pin  is 
obtained  with  its  proper  ball,  providing  neither  of  the  pins  so 
scored  has  been  made  before,  and  in  such  case  it  is  immaterial 
which  is  obtained  first.  Should  the  blue  and  the  white  pins 
be  made  on  such  a  shot,  it  is  only  necessary  to  obtain  the  red 
pin  to  win  the  game;  but  the  red  and  white  pins  could  not  be 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


yi 

made  unless  the  blue  had  first  been  scored  on  a  previous  shot. 
In  the  case  of  a  handicap,  in  which  one  player  plays  more 
than  the  regular  three  pins,  he  may  score  a  double  shot  on  any 
two  pins  he  may  need,  providing  one  of  them  is  the  next  in 
order  to  the  one  he  last  obtained. 

5.  It  is  a  foul,  and  no  count  can  be  made,  nor  can  a  player 
burst  when  the  cue  ball  knocks  down  a  pin  before  hitting 
another  ball.  In  such  a  case,  or  when  no  ball  is  hit  by  tho 
cue  ball,  the  latter  is  to  be  spotted  on  its  proper  spot.  (Tho 
spot  for  the  white  ball  is  the  pin- pool  spot  at  foot  of  table.) 

The  same  rule  applies  when  any  pin  is  knocked  down 
through  any  fault  of  the  player,  by  touching  with  his  hand  or 
cue,  in  the  act  of  making  a  shot,  except  that  the  cue  ball  is 
not  to  be  spotted. 

Should  one  pin  be  knocked  down  by  another,  the  shot  is 
foul,  and  no  count  or  burst  can  be  made. 

Should  a  ball  occupy  a  pin  spot,  the  striker  must  so  play  as 
to  uncover  the  spot  and  allow  the  pin  to  be  spotted. 

6.  Should  a  player  play  out  of  his  turn,  the  shot  is  foul,  and 
the  balls  must  be  replaced  as  nearly  as  possible.  But  should 
he  have  made  more  than  one  shot  without  correction,  he 
continues  to  play,  and  his  score  in  that  inning  must  be  count¬ 
ed.  But  he  cannot  play  after  missing,  until  all  the  others 
have  had  their  turn,  and  his  order  of  play  must  remain  the 
same  as  that  assumed  by  mistake. 

7.  The  striker  has  the  right  to  demand  of  the  next  player 
what  pin  he  wants,  but  it  is  not  fair  for  any  other  player  to 
caution  the  striker,  by  hint  or  otherwise,  as  to  the  pin  the 
next  player  may  need. 

8.  A  push  shot  is  allowable,  and  in  case  of  frozen  balls  one 
may  be  played  away  from  the  other,  or  directly  at  the  pin 
needed,  if  possible. 

9.  Excepting  where  they  conflict  with  the  foregoing,  the 
rules  of  Pin  Pool  and  of  the  Three-ball  Carrom  Game  govern 
the  Game  of  Red,  White  and  Blue. 


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TWO-PIN  POOL. 

This  game  is  played  with  a  black  and  white  pin,  and  three 
balls,  two  white  and  one  red,  which  are  spotted  as  in  five- 
pin  pool. 

The  black  pin  is  set  up  on  the  left  of  the  centre  spot,  on 
that  spot  where  the  three-pin  belongs  in  regular  Five-pin  Pool, 
and  the  white  pin  is  set  up  on  the  right  of  the  centre  spot, 
or  where  the  two-pin  belongs.  The  spots  are  placed  five  in¬ 
ches  apart,  measuring  from  centre  to  centre  of  each  spot. 

The  balls  are  spotted  as  in  Five-pin  Pool,  with  the  red  upon 
the  red-ball  spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  and  the  white 
upon  a  spot  placed  nine  inches  from  the  foot  cushion. 

1.  He  who  plays  first  plays  the  cue-ball  from  any  position 
within  the  string  at  the  head  of  the  table,  the  string  being  all 
that  portion  of  the  table  lying  back  of  the  second  sights 
upon  the  side-cushion  rails,  counting  from  the  head  of  the 
table  as  in  Fifteen-ball  Pool. 

2.  Any  number  of  persons  may  play,  their  order  of  play 
being  determined  by  the  rolling  out  of  the  small  numbered 
ball  as  in  Fifteen-ball  Pool. 

3.  The  game  is  usually  played  for  an  agreed  amount  per 
ball. 

4.  Either  object-ball  may  be  hit  first  with  the  cue-ball  in 
opening  the  game,  after  which  any  ball  may  be  used  for  the 
cue-ball  as  in  regular  Five-pin  Pool. 

5.  To  score  successfully  the  striker  must  knock  down  the 
white  pin  after  first  hitting  an  object-ball,  as  in  five-pin  pool, 
and  when  successful,  each  player  in  the  game  pays  him  the 
amount  agreed  upon  per  ball.  Carroms  do  not  count. 

6.  Should  the  striker  knock  down  the  black  pin  only,  he 
pays  each  of  the  persons  in  the  game  the  amount  agreed 
upon  per  ball  and  the  next  in  turn  plays. 

7.  When  both  pins  fall  it  is  a  stand  off — nothing  won,  noth¬ 
ing  lost. 

8.  The  striker  plays  until  he  fails  to  score,  after  which  the 
next  in  turn  plays. 

9.  After  each  successful  score  and  settlement  per  ball,  the 
balls  are  spotted  and  a  new  pool  begun. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


93 


10.  All  other  play  is  governed  by  the  rules  of  regular  Five-pin 
Pool,  where  said  rules  do  not  conflict  with  those  herein  laid 
down. 


THE  LITTLE  CORPORAL. 

This  game  is  the  regular  Three-ball  Carom  Game  with  a 
small  pin  added,  like  those  used  in  Pin  Pool,  which  is  set  up 
in  the  centre  of  the  table. 

The  caroms  and  forfeits  count  as  in  the  regular  Three-ball 
Game,  but  the  knocking  down  of  the  pin  scores  five  points  for 
the  striker,  who  plays  until  he  fails  to  effect  a  carom  or  knock 
down  the  pin. 

1.  A  ball  must  be  hit  by  the  cue-ball  before  the  pin  can  be 
scored ;  playing  at  the  pin  direct  is  not  allowed. 

2.  The  pin  must  be  set  up  where  it  falls  ;  but  in  case  it 
goes  off  the  table  or  lodges  on  the  top  of  the  cushion  it  must 
be  placed  upon  the  centre  spot. 

3.  The  pin  leaning  against  the  cushion  must  be  scored  as 
down,  and  when  the  pin  lodges  in  the  corner  of  the  table,  so 
that  it  cannot  be  hit  with  the  ball,  it  is  to  be  set  up  on  the 
centre  spot. 

4.  One  hundred  points  generally  constitute  a  game,  but 
any  number  of  points  may  be  agreed  upon. 


BOUCHON  POOL. 

The  game  of  Bouchon  (cork)  is  of  French  origin  and  is  a 
favorite  game  with  the  Parisians.  It  is  played  with  three 
billiard-balls,  two  white  and  one  red,  and  three  corks,  the  lat¬ 
ter  being  cut  at  least  inch  in  length,  and  perfectly  true 


94 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


and  level  at  tlieir  ends,  that  they  may  stand  directly  upright. 
Common,  straight  bottle-corks  are  generally  used  and  they 
are  set  up  on  the  spots  which  are  used  in  the  regular 
Three-ball  Game  of  Billiards,  the  pool-cork  being  placed  on 
the  spot  in  the  centre  of  the  table.  The  game  is  usually 
played  for  a  stake,  the  amount  generally  being  either  ten  or 
twenty-five  cents  per  head,  and  any  number  of  persons  may 
participate.  The  pool  money  is  piled  or  stacked  up  on  the 
top  of  the  centre  cork.  The  red  ball  is  placed  on  the  pool- 
spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  said  spot  being  fixed  as  in  the 
Four-ball  and  Pin  Pool  games,  five  inches  from  the  end  cush¬ 
ion  and  on  a  direct  line  with  the  other  spots.  The  white  balls 
in  leading  are  played  in  turn  from  the  six-inch  semicircle 
or  radius  at  the  head  of  the  table,  the  purpose  of  the  player 
being  to  drive  the  object-ball  to  one  or  more  cushions  and 
then  cause  it  to  knock  down  the  pool-cork  in  the  centre  of 
the  table. 


The  Rules. 

1.  The  order  of  play  is  determined  by  throwing  out  the 
small  balls  as  in  Fifteen-ball,  Pyramid,  or  Pin  Pool. 

2.  Number  one  must  shoot  from  the  six-inch  radius  or 
semicircle  at  the  head  of  the  table  and  afc  the  red  ball  on 
the  pool-spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  and  must  bank  or  drive 
that  ball  against  one  or  more  cushions  and  then  on  to  the 
centre  pool-cork  in  order  to  score  a  valid  stroke,  and  with  suf¬ 
ficient  force  to  knock  the  centre  cork  down,  and  in  a  manner 
that  will  cause  that  cork,  when  down,  to  fall  clear  of  its  spot. 
Should  the  striker  succeed  in  so  doing,  and  should  no  other 
cork  fall  with  the  pool-cork,  the  pool  is  his,  and  another  game 
must  be  begun. 

3.  Number  two  shoots  with  the  remaining  white  ball  from 
the  semicircle  at  any  ball  on  the  table,  his  object  of  play  being 
to  bank  either  object-ball  onto  the  centre  cork,  as  provided  in 
Rule  2.  Number  three  shoots  with  any  ball  on  the  table 
from  where  he  finds  it,  as  in  Pin  Pool. 

4.  It  is  foul,  and  the  offending  player  must  purchase  a  new 
life  for  failing  to  hit  an  object-ball ;  for  knocking  down  one 
or  more  corks  with  the  cue-ball ;  for  knocking  down  either  or 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


95 


both  the  outside  corks  other  than  the  pool-cork  with  either 
cue-  or  object-ball  for  knocking  down  all  three  corks  with 
any  ball ;  for  knocking  down  the  pool-cork  so  that  some  part  of 
it  as  it  lies  shall  touch  its  spot ;  or  for  causing  a  ball  to  knock 
the  pool-money  off  its  cork  and  leave  the  pool-cork  standing. 
A  distinct  penalty  must  be  paid  for  each  cork  which  falls ;  thus, 
should  the  striker  knock  down  three  corks  he  must  pay  three 
penalties  into  the  pool. 

5.  A  player  is  at  liberty  to  withdraw  from  a  game  at  any 
time  during  its  progress,  but  he  forfeits  thereby  all  claim  to 
any  part  of  the  pool,  therefore  he  is  not  compelled,  after  losing 
a  life,  to  purchase  a  new  one. 

6.  Should  a  ball  be  forced  off  the  table  it  must  be  placed 
on  the  pool-spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table.  Should  two  balls 
be  forced  off  the  table,  the  pool-spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table 
must  receive  the  object-ball,  while  the  other  ball,  being  in 
hand,  must  be  played  from  the  six-inch  radius  or  semicircle  at 
the  head  of  the  table,  and  it  can  be  played  at  either  object- 
ball.  Should  three  balls  be  forced  off  the  table  then  the 
play  is  the  same  as  in  leading  at  the  opening  of  the  game. 

7.  When  a  cork  falls  it  must  be  set  up  on  its  spot  and 
should  its  spot  be  occupied  by  a  ball,  that  ball  must  be 
placed  on  the  pool- spot  at  the  foot  of  the  table,  and  should 
the  pool-spot  be  occupied,  the  ball  then  being  in  hand  must 
be  played  by  the  next  player  whose  turn  it  is  from  the  six- 
inch  radius  at  the  head  of  the  table. 

8.  Playing  or  banking  the  cue-ball  against  one  or  more 
cushions,  as  in  the  carrom  game  of  bank-shots,  then  onto  an 
object-ball,  must  be  reckoned  as  a  valid  stroke,  and  the  pool 
can  be  won  by  such  a  stroke  should  the  object-ball  knock 
down  the  pool  cork,  as  provided  in  Kule  2,  even  though  the 
object-ball  does  not  strike  a  cushion. 

9.  The  rules  of  the  regular  Three-ball  Game,  not  conflicting 
with  any  of  the  foregoing  rules,  govern  this  game  also. 


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A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


RULES  OF  POOL  FOR  31  POINTS. 

Played  on  the  Parisian  Pool  Board. 

When  played  for  thirty-one  points,  a  burst  is  declared 
when  that  number  is  surpassed,  as  in  Pin  Pool. 

1.  Player  number  one  strikes  the  ball  from  within  the 
string,  making  it  take  one  or  more  cushions,  and  return  to 
lodge  in  one  of  the  cups  on  the  board,  its  number  being 
placed  to  his  credit.  As  to  what  constitutes  a  shot  see  Rule 
4  of  La  Barraque. 

2.  This  being  a  difficult,  though  an  interesting  game,  he 
whose  aggregate  of  points  made  will  have  reached  31  points 
must  declare  himself  as  having  made  pool.  Should  a  player 
having  made  pool  not  announce  the  fact  before  the  next 
player  shoots  (a  reasonable  time  having  passed),  he  cannot 
claim  it  until  it  come  his  turn  again,  when  he  may  call  pool 
without  striking  a  ball.  But  should  any  other  player  make 
pool  in  the  meantime,  and  declare  such  in  the  proper  way, 
the  latter  is  entitled  to  the  game,  notwithstanding  that  pool 
had  already  been  made. 

3.  A  player  having  made  over  31  points,  being  “bursted,” 
may  claim  the  “  privilege,”  of  re-entering  the  pool  by  paying 
the  forfeit  agreed  upon  at  the  start.  He  must,  however,  de¬ 
clare  his  intention  of  retaining  his  interest  in  the  pool  imme¬ 
diately  upon  bursting,  and  pay  for  his  privilege,  when  he  will 
resume  his  play  when  his  regular  turn  comes. 

4.  A  player  cannot  claim  any  counts  he  may  have  made  by 
playing  out  of  his  turn  ;  but  if  he  has  made  enough  points  to 
burst  him  by  such  stroke  the  loss  is  established,  unless  in  a 
case  where  he  was  called  upon  to  play  by  the  game-keeper  ; 
the  offending  player  loses  his  turn,  and  the  player  whose  turn 
it  is  plays. 

5.  In  all  cases  not  covered  by  these  rules,  the  pool-keeper’s 
judgment  will  be  final. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


97 


HIGH  NUMBER  POOL. 

Played  on  the  Parisian  Pool  Board . 

1.  In  speculating  on  High  Number,  each  player  will  play  in 
his  turn,  and  he  whose  ball  attains  the  highest  numbered 
cup,  each  contestant  in  that  pool  having  had  one  stroke,  will 
be  declared  winner. 

2.  In  case  there  should  be  a  tie  for  the  highest  number,  the 
player  so  interested  will  roll  the  ball,  each  in  his  proper  turn, 
and  he  who  reaches  the  highest  numbered  cups  will  be  de¬ 
clared  the  winner  of  the  tie. 


RULES  OF  PARISIAN  POOL. 

(La  Barraque.) 

1.  This  game  may  be  played  by  any  number  of  persons  ; 
and,  to  decide  their  positions  of  play,  each  shall  strike  a  ball, 
from  inside  the  string,  to  one  or  more  cushions,  the  object 
being  to  have  the  ball  return  and  lodge  in  one  of  the  num¬ 
bered  cups  on  the  board,  i.e.,  a  thick  board  of  black  walnut 
or  other  material  of  the  width  of  the  billiard-table  is  provided 
with  a  dozen  or  fifteen  cup-holes,  similar  to  a  bagatelle  table, 
which  receives  the  balls.  The  edge  of  the  board  at  its  front 
is  bevelled  down  to  a  sharp  surface  at  the  cloth  which  is  cov¬ 
ered  with  sheet  brass  that  the  ball  may  not  break  the  sharp 
edge  of  the  board  when  it  runs  up  the  incline  onto  the 
board,  and  thus  drops  into  one  of  the  numbered  cups.  The 
player  attaining  the  highest  number  is  declared  the  winner. 

2.  The  game  consists  of  two  hundred  points,  more  or  less, 
as  agreed  upon  by  the  players.  When  one  of  the  contestants 
has  reached  or  surpassed  that  number  of  points,  the  game  is 
concluded,  and  the  one  having  the  lowest  number  of  points 
to  his  credit  must  be  considered  the  loser. 

3.  Each  contestant  will  play  in  his  proper  turn,  and  will 
have  but  one  shot  at  a  time.  The  number  of  the  cup  he 
attains  in  said  play  will  be  placed  to  his  credit. 

4.  For  a  shot  to  be  valid  the  ball,  after  striking  a  cushion 


98 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


outside  of  the  string,  must  pass  over  the  brass  plate  onto  the 
board,  where  it  may  drop  in  a  cup,  remain  motionless  on  the 
board’s  surface,  or  roll  off  again.  Should  the  striker  not  suc¬ 
ceed  in  making  the  ball  pass  over  the  brass  plate  onto  th^ 
board,  he  may  play  on  until  he  succeeds  in  doing  so. 


MONTE  CARLO. 

1.  The  ball  must  be  struck  by  the  player  with  the  tip  end 
of  the  cue. 

2.  Each  player  is  entitled  to  four  chances,  and  the  plays 
can  be  made  in  succession  or  alternating  as  may  be  preferred. 

3.  The  total  of  the  counts  made  in  the  four  shots  shall  be 
the  limit  of  the  game. 

4.  After  the  ball  has  been  struck  and  rolls  beyond  the 
gutter,  but  returns  on  account  of  being  struck  too  lightly,  it 
is  called  a  shot. 

5.  The  player  making  the  lowest  count  in  the  four  shots 
shall  be  the  loser  of  the  game,  and  shall  be  responsible  for 
whatever  forfeit  may  be  decided  upon. 

6.  Every  game  must  be  settled  for  before  another  one  is 
commenced. 

7.  The  amount  secured  by  each  shot  is  indicated  by  the 
receptacle  in  which  the  ball  stops.  If  the  ball  is  struck,  the 
extra  count  made  by  it  is  added  to  the  score  of  the  player. 


PIGEON  HOLE  AND  JENNY  LIND. 

1.  For  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  who  should  play  first,  it 
is  necessary  that  each  player  take  two  balls  in  one  hand  and 
roll  them  toward  the  holes  or  pockets.  Who  counts  most 
plays  first,  and  then  in  rotation,  from  the  highest  number  to 
the  lowest. 

2.  Every  player  must  place  himself  at  the  end  of  the  table  ; 
it  is  against  the  rules  to  play  a  ball  from  the  side  of  the 
table. 

3.  Nine  balls  are  used,  of  which  number  eight  are  to  be 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


99 


white  and  one  red.  The  red  ball  shall  be  placed  upon  the 
spot  on  the  center  of  the  table,  and  the  player  shall  play  his 
ball  from  within  the  line,  which  is  drawn  across  the  table 
from  the  first  ivory  sight  on  the  edges. 

4.  The  red  ball,  when  pocketed  or  holed,  counts  double. 

5.  After  the  player  has  played  two  or  more  balls  into  the 
pockets  or  holes,  and  there  are  no  more  balls  upon  the  table, 
he  is  permitted,  if  he  has  more  balls  to  play,  to  take  the  red 
one  out,  and  again  re-spot  it. 

6.  No  party  is  permitted  to  make  use  of  the  table  for 
longer  than  three  games  in  succession,  if  others  are  present 
who  desire  to  play. 

7.  Any  person  who  purposely  throws  or  knocks  balls  from 
the  table,  loses  the  game. 

8.  One  hundred  points  constitute  a  game,  and  the  first  one 
to  count  that  number  is  the  winner. 


“PAREPA.” 

In  the  game  of  Parepa,  the  colored  balls  are  numbered 
respectively,  10,  20,  30,  40,  50,  60,  70,  80,  90,  and  100.  The 
numbered  balls  are  all  placed  upon  the  table  so  as  to  form  a 
triangle,  about  24  inches  in  front  of  the  Parepa  box. 

1.  Each  game  consists  of  500  points,  or  such  other  num¬ 
ber  as  the  proprietor  of  the  table  may  establish  as  “rules  of 
the  house.” 

2.  The  order  of  playing  may  be  determined  by  a  toss,  or 
by  a  single  shot  by  each  player,  the  one  counting  highest  to 
lead,  and  the  others  following  in  their  order. 

3.  The  first  player  takes  the  wThite  ball  to  make  the  first 
shot.  If  he  succeeds  in  pocketing  a  colored  ball,  or  caroms 
on  a  colored  ball  and  pockets  the  white,  he  has  a  right  to 
follow  up  his  game  as  long  as  there  are  balls  remaining  upon 
the  table,  or  until  he  makes  game. 

4.  After  the  first  shot,  the  player  takes  any  ball  he  may 


100 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


choose  from  those  in  the  pockets.  But  if  the  first  player  fails 
to  count,  the  second  then  takes  the  white  ball  from  the  table, 
leaving  the  others  undisturbed ;  and  if  he  also  fails,  then  the 
third  player  does  the  same,  and  so  on. 

5.  All  shots  must  be  made  from  the  head  of  the  table,  in¬ 
side  the  string.  Each  player  counts  the  number  on  each  ball 
he  has  pocketed,  adding  to  it  the  number  of  the  pocket  in 
which  the  ball  is  found. 


BAGATELLE. 

In  this  game  nine  balls  are  used. 

Rules. 

1.  Any  number  may  play,  and  either  singly  or  on  sides. 

2.  Each  player  strings  for  lead,  and  he  who  lodges  his  ball 
in  the  highest  hole  begins. 

3.  The  player  who  wins  the  lead  takes  possession  of  the 
nine  balls  and  opens  the  game. 

4.  The  black  ball  is  placed  on  the  spot  in  front  of  the  first 
hole,  and  the  player  strikes  from  the  balk  at  the  black  ball, 
and  endeavors  to  put  it,  his  own,  or  both  balls,  into  hole  or 
holes. 

5.  The  black  ball  counts  double,  into  whatever  hole  it  falls. 

6.  The  striker’s  ball  must  be  placed  within  the  balk-line, 
and  is  struck  with  the  cue  at  the  black  ball.  The  remainder 
of  the  balls  are  then  driven  up  the  board  in  a  like  manner, 
and  the  sum  total  of  the  holes  made  is  the  player’s  score. 

7.  Any  number  of  rounds  may  be  played  for  the  game,  as 
agreed  beforehand. 

8.  The  player  (or  side)  obtaining  the  highest  score  wins. 

9.  Any  ball  rebounding  beyond  the  balk -line,  or  forced 
over  the  board,  is  not  to  be  again  played  during  that  round. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


101 


ENGLISH  BAGATELLE. 

1.  Any  number  of  persons  may  join  in  this  game,  and  can 
play  either  separately  or  with  an  equal  number  of  players  on 
each  side. 

2.  The  King  Ball  (which  may  be  colored  either  red  or 
black)  is  placed  on  the  white  spot  in  front  of  the  holes,  at  the 
beginning  of  every  round,  and  must  in  the  first  instance  be 
struck  by  one  of  the  other  balls  before  there  can  be  a  score. 
After  being  once  struck,  however,  it  is  not  compulsory  to 
play  upon  it. 

3.  The  striker’s  ball  must  be  kept  within  a  boundary  line 
marked  across  the  board.  Should  the  striker  in  playing 
bring  the  red  ball  over  this  line,  it  is  considered  out  of  play 
for  the  time  being,  until  the  next  player  commences. 

4.  Any  number  of  rounds  (or  runs  up)  may  be  played  for 
the  game,  as  may  be  agreed  upon  at  its  commencement. 

5.  The  player,  or  players  on  a  side,  who  obtain  the  great¬ 
est  number — counting  the  holes  into  which  he  puts  the  balls, 
according  to  the  figures  marked  within  them — wins  the  game. 

6.  Any  balls  driven  off  the  table  during  play  cannot  be 
again  used  during  that  round. 

7.  In  some  cases  pins  are  placed  on  the  table  surrounding 
the  holes.  Pins  knocked  down  count  five  each,  or  as  many 
as  may  be  agreed  upon.  Pins  must  be  replaced  on  spots. 


CAROMBOLETTE. 

Carombolette  is  a  combination  of  Bagatelle  (a  game  of 
chance)  and  Pool  (a  game  of  skill). 


Bagatelle. 

1.  Two  or  more  persons  can  make  a  game,  each  one  for 
himself,  or  by  playing  partners. 

2.  To  determine  who  shall  lead,  place  two  white  balls  in 
the  10  holes,  with  the  pool-stop  in  position,  then  suddenly 


102 


A  COMPLETE  HAND-BOOK  OF 


remove  the  the  stop;  the  count  of  the  balls  when  at  rest 
entitles  the  winner  to  choice  of  play. 

3.  The  game  is  played  with  nine  balls,  eight  white  and  one 
red.  The  red  ball  shall  be  spotted  in  the  center  of  the  table 
midway  between  the  lower  diamonds,  and  when  pocketed 
shall  count  double,  and  when  pocketed,  whether  counting  or 
not,  is  to  be  respotted.  Play  upon  it  after  the  first  shot  shall 
be  at  the  discretion  of  the  player. 

4.  All  shots  shall  be  made  from  within  the  string  at  the 
head  of  the  table,  and  all  balls  forced  from  the  table  or  re¬ 
turning  within  the  line  shall  be  considered  dead. 

5.  A  cue-ball  which  does  not  strike  fche  object  or  other 
ball,  whether  it  goes  through  the  arches  or  not,  shall  not 
count,  and  the  player  so  missing  shall  forfeit  one  ball. 

6.  The  game  shall  consist  of  the  total  count  made  after 
having  played  all  the  balls.  The  numbers  over  the  arches  do 
not  count  in  bagatelle. 

7.  When  played  by  partners  one  round  shall  constitute  a 
game,  but  single  handed,  the  best  two  out  of  three  is  more 
interesting. 


Pool. 

Place  the  pool-stop  in  position,  and  play  according  to  the 
rules  of  Bagatelle,  excepting  that  the  game  is  counted  by  the 
numbers  over  the  arched  pockets.  The  red  ball  counting 
double,  and  being  always  re-spotted  after  being  pocketed. 


BILLIARDS  AND  POOL. 


103 


SHUFFLE-BOAED. 

1.  The  players  must  alternate  in  bowling  and  must  stand  in 
position  at  the  ends  of  the  table. 

2.  Twenty-one  points  constitute  a  regular  game. 

3.  All  pieces  inside  of  the  deuce-line  count  two  and  ships 
count  three. 

4.  If  at  the  finish  of  a  round  no  weight  is  inside  of  the 
deuce-line,  the  weight  which  lies  nearest  to  that  line  counts 
one  point. 

5.  But  one  deuce  and  one  ship  can  be  counted  in  the  play¬ 
ing  of  a  single  hand,  and  that  weight  which  is  nearest  to  the 
deuce-line  is  to  be  counted,  and  the  ship  count  shall  be  given 
to  the  player  whose  weight  projects  furthest  over  the  end  of 
the  shuffle-bed. 

6.  All  weights  falling  into  the  gutter  do  not  count,  and 
must  be  removed  therefrom  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the 
bowling  of  the  next  player. 

7.  In  a  four-hand  game  one  opponent  from  each  side  must 
stand  at  either  end  of  the  board.  Positions  are  not  changed 
as  in  a  game  where  there  are  only  two  contestants.  The 
winning  man  at  either  end  plays  first. 

8.  When  either  piece  rebounds  from  the  end  of  the  board, 
said  piece  does  not  count  and  must  be  taken  off. 

9.  All  pieces  going  in  the  gutter  do  not  count,  and  must 
be  taken  off. 


INDEX 


Attitude,  Correct  (Illustra¬ 
ted) . Front  Cover  1 

American  Four-ball  Pocket 

Game .  43 

Bagatelle .  100 

“  English .  101 

Balk-line  Game,  (14  inch)  ...  36 

Balk-line  Game,  Champion¬ 
ship  Emblem .  38 

Balk,  Care  of .  26 

Bank  Shot  Game .  45 

Carombolette .  101 

Chalk .  19 

Cloth,  Billiard . 23 

Crotch  Debarred .  35 

Cues,  Billiard .  16 

Cue,  Selecting  a .  17 

Cue  Leathers,  Plow  to  put 

them  on  .  18 

Cushions,  History  of. .  19 

Cushion  Bolts,  Keep  Tight 

the .  27 

Cushion  Carrom  Game .  43 

English  Championship  Game  45 

Family' Circle,  In  the  .  8 

Four  Ball  Carrom  Game  ....  42 

Foul  Strokes,  Defined .  30 

Frozen  Balls . 32-44 

Game,  Plistory  of . 5 

Game-keeper,  Duties  of  ... .  79 

Illustrations . 1,  8,  106 

Introductory .  3 

Little  Corporal .  93 

Marker,  Duties  of .  49 

Medals  Awarded,  Lithogra¬ 
phic  Pictures  of .  106 

Modern  Billiards  (a  Book).  .  .  105 

Monte  Carlo, .  98 

Needles,  Bent .  25 

No  Count  Strokes, .  35 

“Parepa” . .  .  .  99 

Patti’s  Mme.,  Billiard  Room 
(a  Picture) .  8 


Pigeon  Hole  and  Jenny  Lind,  98 


Players,  Duties  of .  49 

Pool,  American  Pyramid....  61 

Pool,  Bottle .  81 

Pool,  Bouchon  (Cork) .  93 

Pool,  Chicago .  65 

Pool,  Continuous .  51 

Pool,  Color-ball .  72 

Pool,  English  Pyramid .  63 

Pool,  Fifteen-ball .  59 

Pool,  Forty-one .  ...  69 

Pool,  High-Low  Jack-Game.  .  70 

Pool,  High  Number .  97 

Pool,  Kelly .  78 

Pool,  Parisian  (La  Barraque),  97 

Pool,  Pin .  83 

Pool,  Skittle.. .  75 

Pool,  Thirty-one .  96 

Pool,  Two-ball .  66 

Pool,  Two-pin .  92 

Progressive  Carrom  Game..  .  41 

Red,  White  and  Blue  .  86 

Red,  White  and  Blue 

(Chicago) .  90 

Referee,  Duties  of .  36 

Rooms,  Dimensions  of  .  14 

Room-Keepers,  Important  to  22 

Rules,  A  Code  of .  30 

Safety  Play . 31,  33 

Shuffle-Board  . .  103 

Sound  Reasoning .  10 

Space  Game .  40 

Spanish  Game .  50 

Spectators,  Duties  of .  49 

Stock  List .  28 

Table,  Buying  a .  10 

Table,  Outfit  for  a  .  12 

Tables,  Accompaniments  to.  15 
Tables,  Hints  on  Care  of . . . .  23 

Three-ball  Carrom  Game  ...  33 

Three  Cushion  Carrom 
Game .  44 


THE  ONLY  BILLIARD  BOOK. 


MODERN  BILLIARDS. 


Published  by  THE  BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER  CO. 


A  Complete  Text- Book  of  the  Game,  containing  plain  and  practical  instruc¬ 
tions  how  to  play  and  acquire  sk ill  at  this  scientific  amusement. 

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BY  THE.  GREAT 
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